Type: Modality
ModalityLight-touch energy technique taught within a personal-development system
Access Bars is a light-touch technique in which a facilitator touches 32 points on the head, taught within Access Consciousness.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bars, Access Consciousness Bars, Running the Bars, Access Bar
- Tradition
- Access Consciousness, New Age channelled teachings, Energy psychology
- Related concepts
- 32 points on the head, Stored thoughts, beliefs and emotions, Running the Bars, Facilitator certification
Reference record available.
ModalityManual and self-applied acupoint pressure
Acupressure is the application of pressure to acupuncture points on the body, by hand or wristband, without needles.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Acupoint massage
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine (acupoint and meridian framework)
- Related concepts
- Acupoints, Meridians (jingluo), PC6 (P6) wrist point, Self-acupressure, Sham acupressure, Acupressure wristbands, De Qi sensation
Reference record available.
ModalityManual and body-based
A practice involving the insertion of fine needles at selected points, associated with Chinese medical traditions and contemporary adaptations.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Needling
- Tradition
- Chinese medical traditions
- Related concepts
- Qi
Reference record available.
ModalityYoga style: hammock-supported fitness yoga (member of Yoga Styles)
Aerial yoga is a style of yoga in which postures are practiced with a fabric hammock hung from the ceiling.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Anti-gravity yoga, Hammock yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Not assigned
Reference record available.
ModalitySpiritual reading and channelling practice
A spiritual practice in which a reader describes consulting a non-physical record of events, thoughts and souls.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Akashic Record, Akasha Chronicle, Akashic reading, Akashic Records reading, Akashic channeling, Akashic field
- Tradition
- Theosophy, Anthroposophy, New Age spirituality, Indian philosophy (source of the term akasha)
- Related concepts
- Akasha, Astral light, Psychometry, Clairvoyance, Akasha Chronicle, Book of Life, Akashic field, Channelling, Intention-setting, Past-life readings
Reference record available.
ModalityMovement and postural education
The Alexander Technique is an educational method in which teachers help people change habitual movement and posture.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- The Alexander Technique
- Tradition
- Alexander teaching lineages
- Related concepts
- Primary control, Inhibition, Direction, Use of the self
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach based on food acid-base classification
The alkaline diet is an eating pattern organized around labeling foods as acid-forming or alkaline-forming.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Acid-ash diet, Alkaline pH diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Acid-ash hypothesis, Potential renal acid load, Net acid excretion, Dietary acid load, Urine pH testing, Alkaline water
Reference record available.
ModalityAncestor-focused ritual and lineage-based healing practice
A broad term for ritual, spiritual and counselling practices that relate to ancestors, family lineage or inherited trauma.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ancestral medicine, Lineage repair work
- Tradition
- Ancestor veneration in Bantu-speaking Africa, Chinese ancestor veneration, Confucian royal ancestral rites (Korea), Mexican festivity dedicated to the dead, Andean Indigenous healing (Taky Samy), Contemporary lineage-based ritual practice, Systemic family constellation work
- Related concepts
- Ancestor veneration, Lineage repair, Ancestral guides, Ritual offerings, Historical trauma, Historical unresolved grief, Intergenerational trauma, Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, Developmental programming, FKBP5 methylation, Family systems
Reference record available.
ModalityAngel-centred spiritual guidance practices
Angel Therapy is a contemporary spiritual practice in which people seek guidance through communication with angels.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Contemporary New Age angel spirituality, Abrahamic angelology (Jewish, Christian, Islamic)
- Related concepts
- Angels as messengers, Angel communication, Oracle card readings, Spiritual guidance, Certification marks and branding
Reference record available.
ModalityHuman-animal interaction therapy
Animal-assisted therapy is a goal-directed intervention in which a trained animal takes part in a professional's therapy.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- AAT, Pet therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Animal-assisted intervention, Animal-assisted activity, Animal-assisted education, Therapy animal, Handler, Equine-assisted activities and therapies, Hippotherapy, Therapeutic horseback riding, Zoonosis, Infection control, Animal welfare
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded animal manual therapy and bodywork technique
Animal Neuro Myofascial Release is a branded hands-on bodywork technique taught for use on dogs, horses and other animals.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- ANMR, Animal Neuro-myofascial Release, Animal Neuro-myofascial Release Technique
- Tradition
- Animal massage and bodywork, Myofascial release, Veterinary rehabilitation (adjacent field)
- Related concepts
- Fascia, Myofascial release, Body alignment, Soft tissue mobilization, Online certification, Veterinary diagnosis first
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy-based practice adapted from Reiki for companion, shelter and other animals
Animal Reiki is the offering of Reiki-style hand or meditation sessions to animals, often led by the animal.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Reiki for animals, Pet Reiki, Equine Reiki, Animal Reiki practice
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Universal life energy, Distance treatment
Reference record available.
ModalityComplementary and rehabilitative therapies applied to animals
Complementary and rehabilitative therapies given to animals, including rehabilitation, massage and acupuncture.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine, CAVM, Integrative veterinary medicine, Veterinary rehabilitation
- Tradition
- Veterinary medicine, Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, Chiropractic, Veterinary sports medicine and rehabilitation
- Related concepts
- Physical rehabilitation, Soft tissue mobilization, Joint mobilization and manipulation, Acupuncture, Photobiomodulation, Kinesiology taping, Veterinary supervision and diagnosis
Reference record available.
ModalityPhysician-led medical system derived from anthroposophy
Anthroposophic Medicine is a medical system founded in the 1920s that adds anthroposophy-based therapies to conventional care.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Anthroposophical medicine, Anthroposophic healthcare
- Tradition
- Anthroposophy, Central European anthroposophic hospitals and practices
- Related concepts
- Four levels of formative forces, Threefold constitution (nerve-sense, rhythmic and motor-metabolic systems), Anthroposophic medicinal products, Potentized preparations, Mistletoe (Viscum album) extracts, Eurythmy therapy, Rhythmical massage, Anthroposophic art therapies, External applications (embrocation, compresses, baths)
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern described as lowering inflammation
The anti-inflammatory diet is a popular label for eating patterns described as lowering inflammation in the body.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Antiinflammatory diet, Anti-inflammatory dietary pattern
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Dietary Inflammatory Index, Inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6), Pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, Surrogate markers versus clinical outcomes, Risks of unnecessary dietary restriction
Reference record available.
ModalityModern postural yoga style with Tantric philosophy
Anusara Yoga is a style of hatha yoga founded in the US in 1997 that pairs alignment principles with Tantric philosophy.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Anusara
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Spirituality, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityTherapeutic use of honeybee products
Apitherapy is the use of honeybee products, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, pollen and venom, for health purposes.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bee product therapy, Bee venom therapy, Bee venom acupuncture, Bee sting therapy, Live bee acupuncture
- Tradition
- Egyptian, Greek, Ayurvedic and Islamic medical uses of honey, Korean medicine (bee venom acupuncture and pharmacopuncture), Twentieth-century European apitherapy movement
- Related concepts
- Honey, Medical-grade honey, Propolis (bee glue), Royal jelly, Bee pollen, Bee venom (apitoxin), Live bee sting acupuncture, Bee venom acupuncture, Venom immunotherapy (distinct allergy treatment), Anaphylaxis
Reference record available.
ModalityManual muscle testing assessment system
Applied kinesiology is a chiropractic-derived system that uses manual muscle testing to assess how muscles respond to challenges.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- AK, Muscle response testing, Applied kinesiology chiropractic technique
- Tradition
- Chiropractic, Applied kinesiology (ICAK), Touch for Health
- Related concepts
- Manual muscle testing, Facilitation and inhibition, Therapy localization, Vertebral challenge, Neurolymphatic reflexes, Neurovascular reflexes, Break test, Diagnostic accuracy, Touch for Health
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of hands-on bodywork methods done with the receiver in warm water
Aquatic bodywork is a family of hands-on methods in which a practitioner moves and supports a person in warm water.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Aquatic bodywork, Water bodywork, Warm-water bodywork
- Tradition
- Zen Shiatsu, Harbin Hot Springs, California, Halliwick Concept, Tai chi and qigong-influenced water exercise
- Related concepts
- Warm-water immersion, Supported floating, Passive stretching and joint mobilization, Breath-synchronized movement, Water Breath Dance, Underwater work with a nose clip, Ten-Point Programme
Reference record available.
ModalityPlant essential oil therapy (inhalation, massage, topical use)
Aromatherapy is the use of plant essential oils, usually inhaled or applied diluted to skin, for well-being.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Essential oil therapy, Aromathérapie
- Tradition
- French aromathérapie (twentieth century), British aromatherapy and massage practice, Clinical and nursing aromatherapy
- Related concepts
- Essential oils, Inhalation, Aromatherapy massage, Carrier oils, Skin sensitization, Phototoxicity, Olfactory system, Contraindications
Reference record available.
ModalityArts-based psychotherapy
Art therapy, called art psychotherapy in the UK, is psychotherapy in which a trained therapist uses art-making to communicate.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Art psychotherapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- therapeutic relationship, creative expression, art materials, arts therapies
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded abdominal and pelvic bodywork and self-care method derived from Belizean Maya healing
Arvigo Maya Abdominal Therapy is a trademarked external abdominal bodywork method taught by Rosita Arvigo's students.
ComplementaryAlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Arvigo Techniques of Maya Abdominal Therapy, Arvigo Therapy, Arvigo Techniques, ATMAT, Arvigo bodywork protocol, Tul'ix Therapy
- Tradition
- Maya healing, Garifuna bush medicine, Naprapathy
- Related concepts
- Apprenticeship lineage, Five systems of flow, Chu'lel, Uterine position, Self-care massage, Pelvic steams, Cultural exchange and appropriation, Branded protocol
Reference record available.
ModalityPosture-based yoga style with fixed sequences and breath-linked movement
Ashtanga Yoga is a posture-based yoga style of set sequences linked to breath, taught in Mysore-style and led classes.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, Ashtanga Vinyasa, Ashtanga yoga method, Mysore-style yoga, Pattabhi Jois yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Attention, Awareness, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy and dietary supplement from Ayurveda
Ashwagandha is the root of Withania somnifera, a shrub used in Ayurveda and sold today as a dietary supplement.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Withania somnifera, Indian ginseng, Winter cherry, Indian winter cherry
- Tradition
- Ayurveda
- Related concepts
- Adaptogen, Rasayana
Reference record available.
ModalityOut-of-body and subtle-body practices
Astral projection is a practice, rooted in Theosophy, of aiming to separate a subtle, non-physical body from the physical body.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Astral travel, Astral travelling, Projection of the astral body
- Tradition
- Theosophy (Blavatsky; Leadbeater), Spiritualism and mesmerism (nineteenth-century Europe and the United States), Western occultism (Golden Dawn; Crowley)
- Related concepts
- Astral body (linga-sarira), Subtle body, Out-of-body experience, Autoscopy, Veridical perception, Temporo-parietal junction, Sleep paralysis, Lucid dreaming, Dissociation
Reference record available.
ModalityAstrological map-based divinatory and interpretive practice
Astrocartography is an astrological technique that plots where planets were angular at birth as lines on a world map.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Astro*Carto*Graphy, A*C*G, ACG, astro-carto-graphy, astrolocality astrology
- Tradition
- Western astrology, Hellenistic astro-chorography, Twentieth-century locational astrology
- Related concepts
- Angular planets, Ascendant (ASC) line, Descendant (DSC) line, Midheaven (MC) line, Imum Coeli (IC) line, Parans, Relocated chart, Local space, Orbs, Cyclo*Carto*Graphy, Birth-time sensitivity
Reference record available.
ModalityDivinatory and interpretive celestial-sign practices
Astrology is the interpretation of the positions and movements of celestial bodies as signs bearing on human affairs.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Mesopotamian celestial divination, Hellenistic horoscopic astrology, Indian jyotisha, Chinese tianwen (portent astrology), Contemporary Western astrology
- Related concepts
- Natal chart (horoscope), Zodiac, Celestial omens, Sun-sign columns, Natal and katarchic astrology, Barnum effect
Reference record available.
ModalityParenting philosophy and approach
Attachment parenting is a child-rearing philosophy and brand that emphasizes close contact and responsiveness.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- AP, Attachment-style parenting
- Tradition
- Attachment theory
- Related concepts
- Responsive caregiving, Babywearing, Breastfeeding, Bed-sharing, Nurturing touch, Positive discipline
Reference record available.
ModalityAttachment-theory-based interventions and a distinct coercive practice family
Attachment therapy is a label for approaches built on attachment theory and for a separate set of coercive practices.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Attachment-based therapy, Attachment-based interventions, Holding therapy
- Tradition
- Attachment theory (Bowlby and Ainsworth), Developmental and clinical child psychology, Family therapy, Coercive 'attachment therapy' of the 1990s and 2000s, rejected by professional bodies
- Related concepts
- Attachment security, Parental sensitivity, Secure base, Disorganized attachment, Reactive attachment disorder, Disinhibited social engagement disorder, Video feedback, Holding therapy, Rebirthing, Attachment parenting (narrow sense)
Reference record available.
ModalityHistorical Roman and Etruscan divination by birds and sacrificial entrails
Augury and haruspicy are Roman and Etruscan divination practices that read omens from birds and animal entrails.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Augury, Haruspicy, Haruspication, Ornithomancy, Hepatoscopy, Extispicy
- Tradition
- Roman religion, Etruscan religion
- Related concepts
- Spirituality, Awareness, Intuition
Reference record available.
ModalityInterpretive reading of a perceived or imaged energy field
Aura reading is the interpretation of colours and qualities that a reader reports seeing or sensing around a person.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Aura viewing, Aura interpretation
- Tradition
- Theosophy (Besant and Leadbeater), Kilner's chemical-screen method, Kirlian and gas discharge image interpretation
- Related concepts
- Aura, Subtle bodies, Etheric double, Thought-forms, Kirlian photography, Gas discharge visualisation, Synaesthesia, Transliminality, Human energy field
Reference record available.
ModalityEar-point stimulation (acupuncture microsystem)
Auricular acupuncture is the stimulation of specific points on the outer ear, usually with fine needles, seeds or pressure.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ear acupuncture, Auriculotherapy, Auricular medicine, Auricular therapy
- Tradition
- Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (umbrella), French auriculotherapy (Nogier school), NADA acudetox community practice, United States military medical acupuncture
- Related concepts
- Auricular somatotopy (inverted fetus map), Auricular points, Auricular branch of the vagus nerve, Semi-permanent needles, Auricular acupressure (seeds), Vascular autonomic signal, Group acupuncture (NADA protocol), Sham acupuncture
Reference record available.
ModalityAutologous blood re-injection procedure
Autohemotherapy is the re-injection of a person's own drawn blood, sometimes after ozone or other additions.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Autohaemotherapy, Autologous whole blood therapy, Autologous blood therapy, Eigenbluttherapie, Autohemotransfusion
- Tradition
- Complementary medicine, Ozone-based medicine
- Related concepts
- Autologous whole blood, Major autohemotherapy, Minor autohemotherapy, Ozone-enriched blood, Immunomodulation (proposed)
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach: staged elimination and reintroduction diet
The Autoimmune Protocol is a staged elimination-and-reintroduction diet adapted from the Paleo diet for autoimmune conditions.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Autoimmune Protocol, AIP, AIP diet, Autoimmune Paleo, Paleo autoimmune protocol
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Elimination diet, Food reintroduction, Intestinal permeability, Paleolithic diet
Reference record available.
ModalityPlatelet-rich plasma injection (orthobiologic procedure)
Autologous conditioned plasma is a platelet-rich plasma preparation made from a person's own blood and injected.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- ACP, Autologous conditioned plasma, ACP injection
- Tradition
- Orthopedics and sports medicine, Regenerative medicine
- Related concepts
- Platelet-rich plasma, Leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma, Platelet concentration, Intra-articular injection, Orthobiologics
Reference record available.
ModalityPlant-brew ceremonial and religious practice of Amazonian origin
Ayahuasca is a plant brew, drunk in Amazonian, Brazilian church and retreat ceremonies, that contains DMT.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ayawaska, Hoasca
- Tradition
- Shipibo-Konibo Amazonian healing, Santo Daime, Barquinha, União do Vegetal (UDV), Neo-shamanic retreat use
- Related concepts
- Plant teacher, Purging, Ceremonial singing, MAO inhibition, Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Beta-carboline alkaloids, Integration, Ontological difference
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional medical system of the Indian subcontinent
Ayurveda is a traditional medical system of the Indian subcontinent that combines herbal, dietary and body therapies.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ayurvedic medicine, Ayurvedic
- Tradition
- Sanskrit medical literature of South Asia, Ayush systems of India
- Related concepts
- Tridosha (vata, pitta, kapha), Agni (digestive fire), Ama (accumulated toxins), Constitutional assessment, Panchakarma, Rasayana, Rasa shastra, Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ashtanga Ayurveda (eight branches)
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach within a traditional South Asian medical system
The Ayurvedic Diet is the set of food and eating principles within Ayurveda, framed by doshas, digestion and tastes.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ayurvedic nutrition, Ayurvedic nutritional therapy, Dosha diet, Ayurveda diet, Ayurvedic eating
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Dosha, Agni, Prakriti, Rasa (six tastes), Ama, Sattvic, rajasic and tamasic foods
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal medicine within a traditional Indian medical system
Ayurvedic herbal medicine is the use of plant-based preparations within the Indian medical system of Ayurveda.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ayurvedic herbalism, Ayurvedic herbal remedies
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Dravyaguna, Rasa (taste), Guna (quality), Virya (energetic nature), Vipaka (post-digestive effect)
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic oil-based self-massage
Ayurvedic self-massage is oil massage applied by a person to their own body, described in Ayurvedic texts as a daily routine.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Abhyanga, Nitya-abhyanga, Ayurvedic oil massage, Ayurvedic daily oil massage
- Tradition
- Ayurveda (South Asian medical tradition), Panchakarma preparatory procedures, Kerala household infant oil massage
- Related concepts
- Abhyanga (oil massage), Nitya-abhyanga (daily self-massage), Dinacharya (daily regimen), Vata dosha, Tila taila (sesame oil), Medicated oils (taila), Swedana (sudation), Oiling of head, ears and feet
Reference record available.
ModalityInfant carrying practice using slings, wraps and carriers
Babywearing is the practice of carrying an infant or young child on the caregiver's body in a sling, wrap or carrier.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Baby wearing, Infant carrying, Baby carrying, Portage
- Tradition
- Carrying infants in cloth on the back among mothers in Togo, as described by Peace Corps volunteer Ann Moore
- Related concepts
- Supplemental carrying, Skin-to-skin contact, Maternal responsiveness, Infant crying and fussing, Hip-healthy positioning, T.I.C.K.S. checklist, Infant airway safety
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional healing system of Bali, Indonesia
Balinese spiritual healing is care given by balian, traditional healers of Bali, Indonesia.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Balian healing, Balinese traditional healing, Balinese traditional medicine, Usada Bali, Balian
- Tradition
- Balinese Hinduism, Balinese traditional medicine (usada), Balinese trance and mediumship traditions
- Related concepts
- balian, usada, lontar, taksu, Tri Hita Karana, niskala (the unseen), loloh, boreh, tampel, melukat, banten offerings, medical pluralism
Reference record available.
ModalityWater-based bathing therapies
Balneotherapy is the use of bathing in natural thermal or mineral waters, often at a spa, for health purposes.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spa therapy, Mineral bath therapy
- Tradition
- Greek and Roman bathing and healing sanctuaries, European spa medicine, French thermal cures (cures thermales)
- Related concepts
- Thermal mineral water, Hydrotherapy, Peloids (therapeutic mud), Radon-carbon dioxide baths, Salt baths with ultraviolet B light, Sulphur baths, Dead Sea baths, Spa cure
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic panchakarma procedure (medicated rectal enema)
Basti is an Ayurvedic procedure in which a medicated liquid is given by enema, counted among the five panchakarma therapies.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vasti, Basti karma, Ayurvedic medicated enema, Medicated enema therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Vata dosha, Panchakarma, Anuvasana (oil-based basti), Niruha (decoction-based basti)
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese birth-date fate-calculation system
BaZi is a Chinese system that records a birth year, month, day and hour as four pairs of stems and branches.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- BaZi, Four Pillars of Destiny, Eight Characters, Bazi Suanming, Siju mingli
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Qi, Five phases (wuxing), Yin and yang
Reference record available.
ModalityApitherapy using honeybee venom by sting or injection
Bee venom therapy is the health use of venom from honeybee stings, given by live sting or by injection into the body.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bee venom acupuncture, Bee venom pharmacopuncture, Apitoxin therapy
- Tradition
- Korean medicine bee venom acupuncture and pharmacopuncture, Twentieth-century European apitherapy movement, Live bee sting acupuncture within apitherapy
- Related concepts
- Apitherapy (parent page), Bee venom (apitoxin), Melittin, Phospholipase A2 (bee venom), Bee venom acupuncture, Live bee sting acupuncture, Bee venom pharmacopuncture, Venom immunotherapy (separate allergy treatment), Anaphylaxis, Venom hypersensitivity testing
Reference record available.
ModalityHindu devotional tradition and yoga path
Bhakti is a Hindu tradition of devotion to a personal deity, expressed through song, prayer and worship.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bhakti yoga
- Tradition
- Hindu devotional traditions, Vaishnava traditions, Shaiva traditions, Tamil alvar and nayanar poet-saints, Gaudiya Vaishnavism
- Related concepts
- Devotion to a personal deity, Kirtan (call-and-response singing), Bhajan, Four paths named in the Bhagavad Gita, Bhakti movement as a historical idea
Reference record available.
ModalityReading-based self-help and creative arts approach
Bibliotherapy is the use of reading, books and stories to support mental health, either as self-help or in guided groups.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Biblio/poetry therapy, Books on prescription, Creative bibliotherapy, Self-help bibliotherapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Guided self-help, Shared reading, Creative bibliotherapy, Self-help bibliotherapy
Reference record available.
ModalityHeated postural yoga class with a fixed sequence
Bikram Yoga is a heated-room class built on 26 set postures and two breathing exercises, taught in a fixed order.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bikram Beginning Class
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityAuditory stimulation with paired tones played over headphones
Binaural beats are an auditory illusion in which two slightly different tones, one per ear, produce a perceived pulse.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Binaural beat, Binaural auditory beats, Binaural beat stimulation, Auditory beat stimulation, Brainwave entrainment audio
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Awareness, Attention, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-oriented psychotherapy
Bioenergetics is a body-oriented psychotherapy founded by Alexander Lowen that combines talk with physical exercises.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bioenergetic analysis, Bioenergetic therapy
- Tradition
- Reichian and post-Reichian body psychotherapy, Psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Muscular armour, Character structure, Grounding, Bioenergy (life energy), Catharsis, Breathing stool
Reference record available.
ModalityInstrument-assisted self-regulation technique
A technique in which sensors show a person a physiological signal, such as muscle activity or heart function, in real time.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Applied psychophysiology, EMG biofeedback
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- operant conditioning, psychophysiology, self-regulation, neurofeedback, pelvic floor biofeedback
Reference record available.
ModalityTuning-fork sound practice based on a biofield concept
Biofield Tuning is a method in which practitioners use tuning forks around and on the body to work with a so-called biofield.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- BT
- Tradition
- Biofield Tuning (Eileen Day McKusick, United States), Biofield therapies (term from a 1992 US National Institutes of Health conference)
- Related concepts
- Biofield, Biofield Anatomy Map, Tuning forks, Sound healing, Distance sessions, Perturbations in the biofield
Reference record available.
ModalityHormone therapy marketed as bioidentical, licensed and custom-compounded
Bioidentical hormone replacement is menopausal hormone therapy using hormones chemically identical to human ones.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bioidentical hormone therapy, BHRT, Bioidentical hormones, Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy, cBHT
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Bioidentical hormones, Compounded hormone preparations, Salivary hormone testing, Individualized dosing
Reference record available.
ModalityContested term: body-psychotherapy pulsation concepts and a biofeedback device name
Biopulsation is a name shared by body-psychotherapy ideas of bodily pulsation and by a biofeedback device.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reichian vegetotherapy, Biodynamic psychology (Gerda Boyesen)
- Related concepts
- Pulsation, Orgasm formula, Character armor, Psychoperistalsis, Visceral armor, Id-canal, Biofeedback, Reflex zones
Reference record available.
ModalityDevice-based electromagnetic signal therapy and testing
Bioresonance is a device-based method said to detect and alter weak electromagnetic signals of the body.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bioresonance therapy, BRT, MORA therapy, MORA bioresonance, BICOM bioresonance, Biophysical information therapy, BIT, Bio-resonance, Frequency-based therapy
- Tradition
- Electroacupuncture-derived biophysical medicine, German complementary medicine
- Related concepts
- Postulated body oscillations, Signal inversion, Biophysical information therapy, Electrodermal testing, Allergen testing by device
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of birth support roles, education methods and customs
Birth support is a family of roles, classes and customs that accompany pregnancy, labor, birth and early parenthood.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Childbirth support, Perinatal support, Maternity support, Labor support, Birth companionship
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Continuous labor support, Antenatal education, Midwife-led continuity of care, Woman-centred care, Shared decision making
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki-derived energy practice (hands-on or near-body)
Blue Star Reiki is a named Reiki-derived energy practice whose founder and teaching lineage are poorly documented.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reiki family
- Related concepts
- Subtle energy, Hand placement, Teacher-led lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityHands-on stress-release technique with light pressure and guided movement
Body Stress Release is a South African hands-on technique that uses light movements to address stored tension.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- BSR, BSR technique
- Tradition
- South African complementary health practice, Chiropractic-influenced technique
- Related concepts
- Body stress, Stored tension, Biofeedback, Reflex responses, Nervous system efficiency, Practitioner registration
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy-based system using muscle-response testing and light tapping
BodyTalk is a practice founded by John Veltheim in the 1990s that pairs muscle-response testing with light tapping.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Body Talk, BodyTalk System, The BodyTalk System
- Tradition
- International BodyTalk Association, Australian-born alternative health system of the 1990s
- Related concepts
- protocol chart, priority, cortices technique, neuromuscular biofeedback (practitioner term), balancing techniques, innate wisdom, distance sessions, BodyTalk Access
Reference record available.
ModalitySomatic movement education and embodied anatomy
Body-Mind Centering is a somatic movement approach developed by Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen for embodied study of body systems.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- BMC, Body Mind Centering
- Tradition
- Somatic movement education and therapy, Dance and movement arts, Occupational therapy and neurodevelopmental therapy (founder's training), Laban/Bartenieff movement analysis (founder's training)
- Related concepts
- Embodiment of body systems, Developmental movement, Somatization (Cohen's term), Centering as balancing, Cellular embodiment, Hands-on re-patterning, Kinesthetic empathy
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue bodywork
Bowen therapy is a manual bodywork method of gentle cross-fiber moves over soft tissue, separated by pauses.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bowen technique, Bowenwork, Bowtech, ISBT-Bowen Therapy, Fascia Bowen therapy
- Tradition
- Bowtech lineage, International School of Bowen Therapy lineage
- Related concepts
- Cross-fiber moves, Pauses between moves, Move sequences, Fascia, Myofascial pain
Reference record available.
ModalityChildbirth education method (partner-coached natural childbirth)
A childbirth education program that trains a labor coach, often a partner, to support unmedicated birth.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Husband-Coached Childbirth, Husband-Coached Natural Childbirth, The Bradley Method of Natural Childbirth
- Tradition
- Natural childbirth movement
- Related concepts
- Unmedicated birth, Physiologic birth, Birth coach, Childbirth education, Continuous labor support, Prenatal nutrition
Reference record available.
ModalityGaze-based, body-focused psychotherapy approach
Brainspotting is a psychotherapy in which a client holds a fixed gaze position while attending to body activation.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Trauma-focused psychotherapy, Somatic psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Brainspot, Inside Window, Outside Window, Gazespotting, Dual attunement, Focused mindfulness, Subjective Units of Distress
Reference record available.
ModalityInfant feeding and lactation support
Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant with human milk from the breast, plus the lactation support around it.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Breast-feeding, Human milk feeding, Lactation support
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Exclusive breastfeeding, Complementary feeding, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, Lactation counseling, Peer support, Galactagogues, Wet nursing
Reference record available.
ModalityBreath-regulation practices
Breathwork is a group of practices in which a person deliberately changes the rate, depth or pattern of breathing.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Conscious breathing
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions (pranayama), Tibetan Buddhist practice (g-tummo), Contemporary breathwork schools
- Related concepts
- Slow-paced breathing, High-ventilation breathwork, Hyperventilation, Heart rate variability
Reference record available.
ModalityGentle oil-based spinal massage
Breuss massage is a slow, gentle spinal massage using plant oil, named after Austrian naturopath Rudolf Breuss.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Breuss spinal massage, Breuß massage
- Tradition
- Austrian naturopathy, Dorn method community
- Related concepts
- Spinal stretching strokes, St. John's wort oil, Intervertebral disc claims
Reference record available.
ModalityBreathing retraining method
A breathing-retraining programme devised by Konstantin Buteyko that teaches slower, shallower nasal breathing and breath pauses.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Buteyko Breathing Technique, Buteyko Breathing Method, Buteyko technique, Buteyko breathing, BBT
- Tradition
- Soviet-era clinical physiology, Complementary respiratory self-management
- Related concepts
- Chronic hyperventilation hypothesis, Carbon dioxide and airway tone, Nasal breathing, Reduced breathing, Control pause, Breath holding after exhalation, Eucapnic breathing, Dysfunctional breathing
Reference record available.
ModalityGroup ritual drinking of prepared cacao
A cacao ceremony is a group ritual in which participants drink prepared cacao with intention-setting and guided activities.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ceremonial cacao, Cacao circle, Cacao ritual, Cacao medicine ceremony
- Tradition
- Mesoamerican cacao use (Olmec, Maya, Mexica), Ch'orti' Maya rain ceremonies, Neo-shamanism and New Age practice
- Related concepts
- Theobroma cacao, Ceremonial grade, Theobromine, Cocoa flavanols, Intention setting, Entheogen, Plant medicine, Cultural appropriation
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach: sustained or short-term energy restriction
Calorie restriction is a dietary approach that lowers energy intake, studied in aging research and weight management.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Calorie restriction, Caloric restriction, Dietary energy restriction, Calorie restriction with optimal nutrition, CRON
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Energy balance, Energy deficit, Adequate nutrition without malnutrition, Geroscience hypothesis, Biomarkers of aging
Reference record available.
ModalityAnimal-food-only dietary pattern
A dietary pattern made up almost entirely of animal-derived foods such as meat, fish and eggs, with plant foods excluded.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Plant-free diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Carbohydrate restriction
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination with ordinary playing cards
Cartomancy is fortune-telling with ordinary playing cards, such as a 52-card or 32-card pack, also called card reading.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Card reading, Fortune-telling with playing cards, Playing-card divination
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Not assigned
Reference record available.
ModalityCannabidiol products sold as wellness supplements
CBD supplements are consumer products containing cannabidiol, a cannabis-derived compound, sold for general wellness.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- CBD, Cannabidiol supplements, CBD oil, CBD wellness products
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Cannabidiol, Cannabinoids, Full-spectrum and broad-spectrum products, Product labeling accuracy, Cytochrome P450 drug interactions
Reference record available.
ModalityReconstructed plant-based and ritual healing tradition drawn from Celtic-language sources
Celtic and Druidic healing is a modern term for plant, ritual and medical lore linked to Celtic-speaking peoples.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Druidic medicine, Celtic medicine, Druid healing, Celtic herbal medicine, Celtic folk medicine
- Tradition
- Early Irish medicine, Medieval Welsh medical texts, Irish and Scottish folk remedies, Druid Revival, Modern Druidry
- Related concepts
- Mistletoe, Oak, Selago, Physicians of Myddfai, Liaig, Sick-maintenance, Folk plant remedies
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based support for stopping smoking and other habits
Cessation hypnosis is the use of hypnosis sessions to support a person who is trying to stop smoking or a similar habit.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hypnosis for smoking cessation, Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation, Stop-smoking hypnosis, Quit-smoking hypnosis
- Tradition
- Mesmerism and Braid, Ericksonian hypnosis, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion
Reference record available.
ModalityAdaptive yoga: seated or chair-supported postures, breathing and relaxation
Chair yoga adapts yoga postures, breathing and relaxation to be done seated or standing with a chair for support.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Seated Yoga, Chair-Based Yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalitySubtle-body and biofield-based practices
Chakra healing is a group of practices that work with chakras, the subtle-body centres described in Indian tantric traditions.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Chakra balancing, Chakra alignment
- Tradition
- Indian tantric traditions, Hatha and kundalini yoga, Theosophy, Contemporary New Age practice
- Related concepts
- Chakra (cakra), Subtle body, Prana, Kundalini, Biofield, Seven-chakra scheme
Reference record available.
ModalitySpirit-communication and trance practice
Channeling is a practice in which a person speaks or writes for a source said to lie beyond their own mind.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Channelling
- Tradition
- New Age movement (United States, from the 1970s), Modern Spiritualism (from 1848), Theosophy
- Related concepts
- Trance, Dissociation, Absorption, Automatic writing, Possession trance, Channeled texts, Porous mind
Reference record available.
ModalityDrug-based metal-binding treatment with medical and alternative uses
Chelation therapy is the use of drugs that bind metals or minerals in the body so that the body can excrete them.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Chelation, EDTA chelation therapy, Chelation treatment
- Tradition
- Clinical toxicology, Hematology, Alternative cardiovascular practice, Naturopathic and integrative practice
- Related concepts
- Chelating agent, Edetate disodium (Na2EDTA), Calcium disodium EDTA (CaNa2EDTA), Succimer (DMSA), DMPS, Dimercaprol (BAL), Iron chelators, Provoked urine testing, Hypocalcemia, Body burden
Reference record available.
ModalityAntenatal education and birth-preparation classes
Childbirth Preparation is education, usually in classes, that prepares pregnant people and partners for labour and birth.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Antenatal education, Antenatal classes, Childbirth education, Prenatal education, Childbirth classes, Birth preparation classes
- Tradition
- Natural childbirth movement, Psychoprophylactic method (Lamaze), Bradley Method, HypnoBirthing (Mongan Method), Antenatal care in health services
- Related concepts
- Fear-tension-pain, Psychoprophylaxis, Breathing and relaxation techniques, Self-hypnosis, Birth companion or coach, Informed consent, Antenatal classes
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy and health care profession
Chiropractic is a health care profession focused on the spine and joints, best known for hands-on spinal manipulation.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- chiropractic care
- Tradition
- Chiropractic profession (United States origin, 1890s)
- Related concepts
- Spinal manipulation, Joint mobilization, Subluxation, Neuromusculoskeletal disorders, Vitalism, Primary-contact practice
Reference record available.
ModalityColored-light and color-association practices
Chromotherapy is the use of colored light, and sometimes colored objects or imagery, for health or mood purposes.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Color therapy, Colour therapy, Chromopathy
- Tradition
- Late 19th-century American color healing (Edwin Babbitt), Spectro-Chrome (Dinshah Ghadiali, 1920s onward), Anthroposophy (Rudolf Steiner's color writings), Western chakra-color schemes (20th century)
- Related concepts
- colored light, chromopathy, color-emotion associations, chakra colors, tonations, sunlight through colored glass, clinical phototherapy (a distinct use)
Reference record available.
ModalityArt therapy materials-based approach using clay and touch
Clay Art Therapy is the use of clay modeling within art therapy, with touch and handling of the material as a focus.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Clay therapy, Clay work in art therapy, Therapeutic clay work
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Haptic perception, Sensorimotor art therapy, Bottom-up processing
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis used by licensed health professionals as an adjunct within healthcare
Clinical hypnosis is the use of hypnosis by licensed health professionals as an adjunct to healthcare.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Therapeutic hypnosis
- Tradition
- Mesmerism and Braid, Clinical and academic hypnosis, Ericksonian hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalitySupervised exercise method used in rehabilitation settings
Clinical Pilates is a physiotherapist-led, assessment-based form of Pilates exercise used in rehabilitation.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Physiotherapist-led Pilates, Clinical Pilates exercise, Pilates for rehabilitation
- Tradition
- Pilates method (Joseph and Clara Pilates, New York), Physiotherapy and exercise rehabilitation, McKenzie directional preference approach
- Related concepts
- Clinical assessment, Directional preference, Motor control, Progressive loading, Supervised sessions, Reformer and mat work, Teacher-trainer accreditation
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy approach combining hypnosis with cognitive methods
Cognitive Hypnotherapy is a name used for hypnosis combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and for a branded approach.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Quest Cognitive Hypnotherapy, Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy, Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy, Hypnosis-enhanced CBT
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Cognitive behavioural therapy
- Related concepts
- Suggestion, Hypnotizability, Hypnotic induction
Reference record available.
ModalityArt-based psychotherapeutic technique
Collage therapy is the use of collage, made from cut or torn images and found materials, in art therapy and counseling.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Therapeutic collage, Collage art therapy, Collage in art therapy, Magazine Photo Collage
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Life review, Psychotherapeutic relationship, Goal imagery
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary supplement: oral collagen protein products
Oral collagen supplements are powders, liquids and capsules made from hydrolyzed animal collagen and taken by mouth.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hydrolyzed collagen supplements, Collagen peptide supplements, Collagen hydrolysate, Oral collagen supplementation, Marine collagen supplements
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Collagen, Hydrolyzed collagen, Collagen peptides, Skin hydration and elasticity, Knee osteoarthritis, Bone mineral density, Funding source and trial quality
Reference record available.
ModalityRectal water irrigation of the colon offered for cleansing or detoxification
Colonic hydrotherapy is the flushing of the colon with water introduced through the rectum, offered as cleansing.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Colonic irrigation, Colon hydrotherapy, Colon cleansing, Colonic cleansing
- Tradition
- Alternative medicine, Naturopathy
- Related concepts
- Autointoxication, Detoxification, Colon cleansing, Enema, Transanal irrigation, Bowel preparation
Reference record available.
ModalityParenting approach and parent self-awareness practice
Conscious parenting is an approach in which a parent's own self-awareness is held to shape how they relate to their children.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mindful parenting, Conscious parent
- Tradition
- Buddhism
- Related concepts
- Mindful parenting, Listening with full attention, Nonjudgmental acceptance, Emotional awareness, Self-regulation in parenting, Self-compassion, Parenting stress, Parental reflective functioning, Intergenerational transmission of parenting patterns
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy-work and visualization-based release practice
Cord cutting is a spiritual practice in which imagined energetic links between a person and others are symbolically severed.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Cutting cords, Energetic cord cutting, Psychic cord cutting, Cord release
- Tradition
- Theosophy-influenced esoteric traditions, New Age energy work, Reiki, Contemporary shamanism
- Related concepts
- Energetic cords, Subtle body, Chakras, Energy field, Visualization, Closure ritual, Grief
Reference record available.
ModalityWorkplace yoga and mind-body program
Corporate yoga is a set of yoga and mindfulness sessions that employers offer to staff at work or online.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Workplace yoga, Yoga in the workplace
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mindfulness, Mind-Body Connection, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityLight-touch manual therapy
A hands-on practice using light touch between the cranium and the sacrum, derived from cranial osteopathy.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- CST, Cranio-sacral therapy
- Tradition
- Osteopathy (cranial field), Upledger CranioSacral Therapy, Biodynamic craniosacral
- Related concepts
- Primary respiratory mechanism, Cranial rhythmic impulse, Cerebrospinal fluid, Palpation
Reference record available.
ModalityCold exposure and physical-agent therapy (chambers, cabins, immersion)
Cryotherapy is the therapeutic or recreational use of extreme cold, such as chamber air or cold water, on the body.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Whole-body cryotherapy, Whole-body cryostimulation, Cryostimulation, Cold therapy, Cold-water immersion
- Tradition
- Sports recovery, Rheumatology-based physical medicine, Spa and wellness cold exposure
- Related concepts
- Whole-body cryotherapy, Partial-body cryotherapy, Cryostimulation, Cold-water immersion, Delayed-onset muscle soreness, Cryosurgery (separate clinical field)
Reference record available.
ModalityCrystal and gemstone-based energy practice
Crystal Healing is a practice in which crystals or gemstones are worn, carried, held or placed near a person.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Crystal therapy, Lithotherapy
- Tradition
- New Age healing milieu, New Spirituality and vernacular religion, Theosophy, New Thought and spiritualism (historical background)
- Related concepts
- Aura, Chakras, Subtle energy, Crystal property directories, Wearing or carrying stones, Placebo and expectancy, Piezoelectric effect (cited by proponents), Biophoton imaging (Bio-Well)
Reference record available.
ModalitySound practice: instrument-based sound bath and sound meditation
Crystal singing bowls are quartz glass bowls played by rubbing or striking to make sustained tones in sound baths.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Quartz crystal singing bowls, Quartz singing bowls, Crystal bowls, Quartz crystal bowls
- Tradition
- New Age spirituality, Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mindfulness, Attention, Spirituality, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalitySuction-based skin and soft-tissue procedures
Cupping therapy is a practice in which cups are placed on the skin and suction is applied, sometimes after skin incisions.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Cupping, Hijama, Hijamah, Al-hijamah, Bá guàn
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, Arabic and Islamic traditional medicine (hijama), Unani medicine, Egyptian medical writings, Greek and later European medicine
- Related concepts
- Dry cupping, Wet cupping (bloodletting cupping), Fire cupping (flame-created suction), Moving cupping, Negative pressure, Sham cupping, Reporting standards for cupping trials
Reference record available.
ModalityFolk healing tradition with manual, herbal and ritual components
Curanderismo is a Mexican and Mexican American folk healing tradition that includes massage, herbs and ritual.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Curanderismo, Mexican American folk healing, Mexican traditional medicine, Sobada
- Tradition
- Curanderismo, Mexican American curanderismo, Andean curanderismo, Spanish humoral medicine
- Related concepts
- Curandero and curandera, Sobada, Limpia, Susto, Empacho, Caída de la mollera, Hot and cold, Ventosas, Medical pluralism
Reference record available.
ModalityArts-based psychotherapeutic movement practice
Dance therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses movement and dance as its main medium of expression and change.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dance movement therapy, Dance/movement therapy, DMT, Dance movement psychotherapy, Movement therapy
- Tradition
- Chace method, Authentic Movement, Laban movement analysis, Jungian-influenced movement work, Adlerian-influenced dance therapy
- Related concepts
- Empathic reflection, Mirroring, Movement observation, Active imagination, Functional Technique, Psycho-physical unity, Body image work, Informed consent for touch
Reference record available.
ModalityClinical research-derived dietary pattern
The DASH Diet is an eating pattern developed from US clinical trials on how food choices affect blood pressure.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, DASH eating plan, DASH eating pattern, DASH
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Blood pressure management, Dietary sodium, Dietary potassium
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue therapy (therapeutic massage)
Deep tissue massage is a form of therapeutic massage in which a therapist works on deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Deep-tissue massage
- Tradition
- Western therapeutic massage
- Related concepts
- Layers of soft tissue, Holding patterns, Sustained pressure, Deep massage versus deep tissue massage, Chronic musculoskeletal pain
Reference record available.
ModalityShort-term dietary cleanse
Short-term diets, often built around juice or fasting, that are marketed as removing toxins from the body.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Detox diets, Detox programme, Detox cleanse, Detoxes and cleanses
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Detoxification, Autointoxication, Juice fasting, Caloric restriction, Electrolyte balance, Oxalate nephropathy
Reference record available.
ModalityHormone precursor supplement and licensed vaginal product
DHEA supplementation is the use of dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal hormone precursor, as a supplement or vaginal product.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- DHEA, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA sulfate, Prasterone
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Adrenal steroid precursor, DHEA sulfate, Dietary supplement, Prasterone, Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Androgenic effects
Reference record available.
ModalityAboriginal wind instrument used in sound practice and breath training
The didgeridoo, called yidaki by the Yolngu, is a wooden drone horn from northern Australia, now played worldwide.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- yidaki, yiḏaki, didjeridu, didjeridoo
- Tradition
- Aboriginal Australian traditions, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Attention, Mind-Body Connection, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of named eating patterns and food-based programs
A family of named eating patterns and food-based programs adopted for health, ethical, religious or cultural reasons.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dietary patterns, Named diets, Eating patterns
- Tradition
- Islam, Christianity
- Related concepts
- Therapeutic diet, Elimination diet, Fasting, Calorie restriction, Dietary pattern, Nutritional adequacy, Dietary misinformation
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of oral nutritional and natural products
Dietary supplements are concentrated vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, live microbes and similar products taken by mouth.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nutritional supplements, Food supplements, Vitamin and mineral supplements
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Nutrient deficiency, Primary prevention, Tolerable upper intake level, Third-party quality testing, Antioxidant supplementation
Reference record available.
ModalityRegulated allied health profession in nutrition care
Dietetics is the allied health profession that applies nutrition science to assess and manage diet-related health conditions.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Clinical dietetics, Nutrition and dietetics, Medical nutrition therapy
- Tradition
- Home economics, Hospital diet kitchens, Clinical nutrition science
- Related concepts
- Medical nutrition therapy, Nutrition care process, Registered dietitian, Individualized nutrition therapy, Dietary management of disease, Professional registers, Evidence-based practice
Reference record available.
ModalityArt therapy using digital media or online delivery
Digital art therapy is art therapy that uses digital media, such as tablets or virtual reality, or online delivery.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Technology-assisted art therapy, Online art therapy, Virtual art therapy, Art therapy by electronic means
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Telehealth, Virtual reality, Informed consent, Confidentiality
Reference record available.
ModalityLifestyle regimen within Ayurveda (daily routine)
Dinacharya is the Ayurvedic term for a daily regimen of conduct, covering waking, hygiene, meals, activity and rest.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dinacarya, Dinacaryā, Ayurvedic daily routine, Ayurvedic daily regimen
- Tradition
- Hinduism, Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Circadian rhythm, Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Agni, Dosha, Sleep regularity
Reference record available.
ModalityPrayer-based or intention-based healing directed at a person who is not physically present
Distance healing is the practice of directing prayer, intention or healing energy at a person who is not physically present.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Remote healing, Absent healing, Distant healing intention, Noncontact healing
- Tradition
- Christian intercessory prayer, Spiritual healing, Mental healing and mind-cure movements, Energy healing
- Related concepts
- Intention, Intercessory prayer, Nonlocality (as proposed by proponents), Retroactive prayer, Noetic therapies, Expectancy and placebo effects, Blinding, Informed consent
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of practices that seek information by interpreting signs, lots or oracles
Divination is a family of practices that seek information about unknown matters by interpreting signs or oracles.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mantikê, Fortune telling
- Tradition
- Shang dynasty oracle-bone divination, Roman augury and haruspicy, Azande poison-oracle consultation, Late antique sortilege, Arabic and Latin geomancy, Yoruba Ifá divination, Chinese yijing divination
- Related concepts
- Artificial and natural divination, Oracle, Querent, Sortilege, Randomisation, Barnum effect, Illusory pattern perception, Epistemic technology
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese psychological rehabilitation and body movement method
Dohsa-hou is a Japanese psychological rehabilitation method that uses guided body movement tasks with trainer feedback.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dousa-hou, Dohsahou, body movement method, Japanese psychorehabilitation
- Tradition
- Japanese psychological rehabilitation, Japanese rehabilitation psychology
- Related concepts
- Intention, effort and movement, Muscle tension and relaxation, Movement tasks, Trainer and trainee roles, Body awareness, Self-regulation, Training camps
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy with active patient movement
The Dorn Method is a manual therapy in which light pressure is applied to the spine while the person moves a limb.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dorn therapy, Dorntherapie, Dorn-Methode, Dorn spinal therapy
- Tradition
- German folk medicine, Manual therapy
- Related concepts
- Vertebral misalignment, Joint blockade, Active patient movement, Leg-length asymmetry, Nerve compression hypothesis
Reference record available.
ModalityNon-clinical perinatal support (pregnancy, labor and postpartum)
A doula is a trained non-clinical support person who offers emotional, physical and informational help around birth.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Birth doula, Labor doula, Postpartum doula, Antepartum doula
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Continuous labor support, Non-clinical support, Birth companion, Postpartum doula support, Community-based doula care, Doula scope of practice
Reference record available.
ModalityDivinatory practices using handheld devices
Dowsing is the practice of using a forked stick, rods or a pendulum to try to locate water, objects or answers.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Water divining, Water witching, Divining, Radiesthesia
- Tradition
- Early modern European mining communities, Folk water divining, French radiesthesia (radiesthésie)
- Related concepts
- Forked-stick (divining rod) dowsing, Pendulum dowsing, Map dowsing, Medical dowsing, Ideomotor action, Motor automatism, Water veins (dowsers' model), Double-blind testing
Reference record available.
ModalityCreative arts psychotherapy using drama and theater processes
Drama therapy is the intentional use of drama and theater processes by trained clinicians to pursue therapeutic goals.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dramatherapy
- Tradition
- Creative arts therapies, British dramatherapy, North American drama therapy, Sesame approach
- Related concepts
- Role, Embodiment, Projection, Distancing, Improvisation, Storytelling, Enactment, Playback Theater, Life review
Reference record available.
ModalityModern hybrid therapy using Aboriginal Dreaming language, not a traditional practice
Dreamtime Healing is the name of a modern hybrid therapy, distinct from traditional Aboriginal Dreaming concepts.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dreamtime Healing using Holographic Kinetics, Holographic Kinetics
- Tradition
- Tjukurpa (Anangu), as a traditional framework distinct from this therapy, Aboriginal Australian healing on Country, Contemporary New Age and hypnosis-influenced therapy
- Related concepts
- Tjukurpa, The Dreaming, Ngangkari, Holographic Kinetics, Cellular memory, Dimensions, Cultural safety
Reference record available.
ModalityDream-reading label spanning Aboriginal Dreaming concepts and Western dream analysis
Dreamtime interpretation is a phrase used for reading dreams, tied to Aboriginal Dreaming concepts and to Western dream analysis.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dream interpretation, Dream analysis
- Tradition
- Warlpiri (Jukurrpa), Anangu: Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara (Tjukurpa), Arrernte (altyerre), Yolngu (marayin), Daly region wangga songmen, Western Desert groups, Freudian psychoanalysis, Jungian analytical psychology
- Related concepts
- Dreaming, Dreamtime, Jukurrpa, Tjukurpa, Altyerre, Everywhen, Restricted knowledge, Dream-given songs, Continuity hypothesis, Manifest and latent content, Free association, Amplification, Compensation
Reference record available.
ModalityGroup and individual rhythm-based drumming activity
Drum therapy is the use of group or individual drumming, often in facilitated circles, for wellbeing or rehabilitation.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Therapeutic drumming, Group drumming, Drum circles, Drumming therapy, Recreational drumming
- Tradition
- Jembe (djembe) drumming in Mali and Guinea, Sámi noaidi drum traditions, Core shamanism (contemporary Western), Community music-making, Music therapy (a separate profession)
- Related concepts
- Rhythmic entrainment, Facilitated drum circle, Recreational music-making, Call-and-response, Altered states of consciousness, Shamanic journeying, Neuroendocrine-immune markers, Hand-arm vibration, Noise exposure
Reference record available.
ModalitySuction cup application to intact skin, without bloodletting
Dry cupping is a form of cupping that places suction cups on intact skin without drawing blood, leaving circular marks.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bloodless cupping, Dry cupping therapy
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Greek medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi
Reference record available.
ModalityNeedle-based manual and musculoskeletal pain technique
Dry needling is the insertion of thin solid needles, with no injected substance, into muscle or related tissue.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Trigger point dry needling, Intramuscular manual therapy, Intramuscular stimulation, Myofascial trigger point needling
- Tradition
- Physical therapy, Myofascial trigger point theory, Western biomedical acupuncture literature
- Related concepts
- Myofascial trigger point, Taut band, Local twitch response, Wet needling, Filiform needle, Neuromusculoskeletal pain
Reference record available.
ModalityHeat-based ear procedure using a lit wax cone
Ear candling is a practice in which a hollow, wax-coated fabric cone is placed in the outer ear and lit at its far end.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ear coning, Ear candles, Thermal-auricular therapy, Thermo-auricular therapy, Hopi ear candling, Hopi ear candles, Coning
- Tradition
- Complementary therapy and beauty-salon practice, Home self-care
- Related concepts
- Chimney effect, Negative pressure, Cerumen (earwax), Cerumen impaction, Candle residue, Tympanic membrane
Reference record available.
ModalityBarefoot or conductive contact with the ground
Earthing, also called grounding, is contact between the body and the ground, barefoot or through conductive products.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Grounding, Barefoot grounding, Electrical grounding of the body
- Tradition
- Modern wellness and natural-health movements
- Related concepts
- Free electrons, Antioxidant hypothesis, Conductive mats and patches, Barefoot walking, Electromagnetic hygiene
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy and dietary supplement ingredient
Echinacea is a North American coneflower plant whose roots and aerial parts are made into extracts, teas and tablets.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Coneflower, Purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida
- Tradition
- Native American traditional use, Eclectic medicine, German phytotherapy
- Related concepts
- Immune stimulation, Species and plant-part variation, Standardization of extracts
Reference record available.
ModalityInstrument-assisted self-regulation technique
A form of biofeedback in which a person sees their own brain electrical activity (EEG) and learns to change it.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Neurofeedback, EEG neurofeedback, EEG operant conditioning
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- operant conditioning, electroencephalography (EEG), sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), alpha rhythm, neurofeedback, biofeedback
Reference record available.
ModalityAcupoint tapping psychological technique within energy psychology
EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) is a brief psychological method pairing acupoint tapping with attention to distress.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- EFT, Emotional Freedom Techniques, Emotional Freedom Technique, Clinical EFT, EFT tapping, Tapping
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mind-Body Connection, Attention, Awareness, Exposure, Meridians
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-informed psychotherapy
Ego state therapy is a psychotherapy that treats personality as a set of ego states and works with them directly.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ego-State Therapy, Hypnotic ego state therapy, EST
- Tradition
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy, Clinical hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Ego states, Abreaction, Ego strengthening, Family of self, Dissociation, Co-consciousness
Reference record available.
ModalityHistorical medical system of pharaonic Egypt
Egyptian medicine is the medical knowledge and practice of pharaonic Egypt, known mainly from medical papyri.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ancient Egyptian medicine, Pharaonic medicine, Medicine of ancient Egypt
- Tradition
- Pharaonic Egypt (c. 3000 BC to the Greco-Roman period), Egyptian medical papyri tradition, House of Life temple scholarship
- Related concepts
- Swnw (physician), Medical papyri, Edwin Smith papyrus, Ebers papyrus, Kahun papyrus, Mtw vessels, Wekhedu, Heka, Sekhmet, Thoth, Imhotep, Honey as a wound dressing (historical), Retrospective diagnosis
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy: elderberry preparations used for colds and influenza
Elderberry is the use of Sambucus nigra berry and flower preparations, such as syrups and extracts, for colds and flu.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Black elderberry, Sambucus nigra, Black elder, Elder
- Tradition
- European folk medicine
- Related concepts
- Sambucus nigra, Cyanogenic glycosides, Cytokine storm, Dietary supplements
Reference record available.
ModalityParenting approach: infant toileting
Elimination communication is a caregiving approach in which parents respond to an infant's signals to use a potty.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- EC, Natural Infant Hygiene, Infant potty training, Baby-led potty training, Assisted infant toilet training, Diaper-free
- Tradition
- Traditional infant toileting practices described in Asia and Africa
- Related concepts
- Infant cues, Caregiver-assisted toileting, Toilet readiness
Reference record available.
ModalityTrauma-focused psychotherapy
A psychotherapy in which a person recalls a distressing memory while following bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- EMDR, EMDR therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, Eye movement desensitization
- Tradition
- Clinical psychology, Trauma-focused psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Bilateral stimulation, Dual attentional focus, Phased protocol, Target memory, Dismantling studies, Trauma-focused therapy
Reference record available.
ModalityLight finger-pressure manual therapy
The Emmett Technique is a manual therapy using brief, light finger pressure at specific points on the body.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Emmett therapy, Emmett muscle release therapy
- Tradition
- Developed in Queensland, Australia
- Related concepts
- EMMETT points, Muscle release, Light touch, Power of three (three applications per point), Myofascial release (as framed in one dissertation), Trigger points (as framed in one dissertation)
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded energy healing method using muscle testing and magnets
The Emotion Code is a branded method in which practitioners use muscle testing to find and release so-called trapped emotions.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Applied kinesiology, Chinese meridian theory (as adopted by the method), Distant intention and prayer
- Related concepts
- Trapped emotions, Muscle testing, Proxy testing, Chart of emotions, Governing meridian, Heart-Wall, Energy body
Reference record available.
ModalitySupportive care family: psychosocial, spiritual and non-medical support near the end of life
An umbrella term for psychosocial, spiritual and practical supports offered to people near the end of life and their families.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- End-of-life care support, End-of-life support
- Tradition
- Hospice movement, Palliative care
- Related concepts
- Total pain, Dignity, Meaning-making, Life review, Legacy work, Advance care planning, Death literacy, Spiritual care, Existential distress
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy-field and spiritual cleansing practices
Energy clearing is a set of practices said to remove stagnant or negative energy from a person or place.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Aura cleansing, Aura therapy, Auric clearing, Energy cleansing
- Tradition
- Theosophy, Healing Touch (nursing-linked energy therapy)
- Related concepts
- Aura, Biofield, Energy field, Subtle energy, Chakras, Qi, Prana
Reference record available.
ModalityBiofield-based touch and non-contact healing practices
Energy healing is an umbrella term for practices in which practitioners aim to influence a person's energy field.
MetaphysicalAlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Biofield therapy, Biofield therapies, Energy medicine
- Tradition
- Reiki (Japanese origin), Therapeutic Touch, Healing Touch, External qigong, Theosophy-influenced healing
- Related concepts
- Biofield, Human energy field, Vital force, Qi, Prana, Ki, Attunement, Centring, Intention, Local and distant healing, Animal magnetism
Reference record available.
ModalityTapping-based psychotherapy methods linked to energy concepts
Energy psychology is a group of therapies that pair tapping on body points with attention to distressing thoughts or memories.
AlternativeMetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Acupoint tapping, Meridian tapping, Tapping therapies, EFT tapping
- Tradition
- Thought Field Therapy, Emotional Freedom Techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine (borrowed acupoint concepts)
- Related concepts
- Acupoint tapping, Energy meridians, Setup statement, Reminder phrase, Subjective units of distress, Imaginal exposure, Cognitive restructuring, Clinical EFT, Memory reconsolidation
Reference record available.
ModalityHuman-animal interaction therapy with horses
Equine assisted therapy is the use of horses in rehabilitation or psychotherapy delivered by licensed professionals.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Equine-assisted services, Equine-assisted activities and therapies, EAAT, Equine therapy, Horse-assisted therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Equine-assisted services, Hippotherapy, Therapeutic riding, Psychotherapy incorporating horses, Equine-assisted learning, Equine specialist, Gross Motor Function Measure, Horse welfare
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis and psychotherapy approach based on Milton H. Erickson's clinical work
The Ericksonian method is an approach to hypnosis and psychotherapy based on the clinical work of Milton H. Erickson.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ericksonian hypnosis, Ericksonian hypnotherapy, Ericksonian psychotherapy, Ericksonian therapy, Ericksonian approach
- Tradition
- Ericksonian hypnosis, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityMultimodal arts-based psychotherapy and group practice
Expressive arts is the combined use of visual art, music, movement, drama and writing in a facilitated process.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Expressive arts therapy, Expressive therapies, Intermodal expressive arts therapy, Expressive arts
- Tradition
- Person-centered expressive arts, Intermodal expressive arts therapy, Lesley College expressive therapies tradition, European Graduate School tradition
- Related concepts
- Intermodal, Creative Connection, Crystallization theory, Polyaesthetics, Poiesis, Art making process, Multiple arts modalities
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of face-based character, fortune and health interpretation traditions
The practice of interpreting personality, emotional tendencies or health from facial structure, features and expression.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Physiognomy, Mian Xiang, Mien Shiang
- Tradition
- Chinese physiognomy (xiangshu), Greek and European physiognomy, Indian body-reading texts (Samudrika Shastra), Arabic firasa, Japanese physiognomy, Traditional Chinese medicine facial inspection
- Related concepts
- Five phases body types, Animal resemblance, Facial complexion, Body-spirit interaction, Facial trait inference, Facial action coding, Criminal anthropology
Reference record available.
ModalitySuction-cup facial and neck treatment, cosmetic use of cupping
Facial cupping is the use of small suction cups on the face and neck, offered as a cosmetic treatment and in home kits.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Face cupping, Cosmetic cupping
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Cosmetic acupuncture
Reference record available.
ModalityReligious and devotional healing practices
Faith healing is the use of prayer, ritual and religious belief by or on behalf of ill people, across many faith traditions.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Divine healing, Healing through prayer, Religious healing, Prayer healing
- Tradition
- Christian Science, Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity, Catholic pilgrimage and healing ministries, Islamic ruqyah, Sufi shrine practices, Christian, Islamic and indigenous healing centres in Ghana
- Related concepts
- Intercessory prayer, Divine healing, Anointing with oil, Pilgrimage, Spiritual coping, Medical pluralism, Faith-based medical neglect
Reference record available.
ModalityGroup-based systemic arrangement process
Family constellation is a group method in which participants stand in for family members to show relationships in space.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Family Constellations, Systemic Constellations, Family Constellation Therapy, Familienaufstellung, Familienstellen, Systemaufstellung
- Tradition
- Hellinger family constellations (Germany), Family sculpture and systemic family therapy, Spiritual family constellation (later Hellinger form), Organisational constellations
- Related concepts
- Representatives (Stellvertreter), Orders of love, Entanglement (Verstrickung), Knowing field (wissendes Feld), Family sculpture, Ritual sentences, Role release (de-roling)
Reference record available.
ModalitySomatic movement education
A movement-based form of somatic education taught in group lessons or one-to-one with gentle touch.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Feldenkrais, Awareness Through Movement, Functional Integration
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- somatic education, movement awareness, motor learning, Awareness Through Movement, Functional Integration
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese system of siting and arranging buildings, spaces and graves
Feng shui is a Chinese practice of siting and arranging buildings, graves, rooms and objects by qi and landscape.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Fengshui, Feng-shui, Chinese geomancy, Kanyu, Wind and water
- Tradition
- Taoism, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Qi
Reference record available.
ModalityHeat-assisted suction cupping method
Fire cupping is a cupping method in which a flame warms the air inside a cup so that suction forms on the skin as it cools.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Fire cupping therapy, Flash-fire cupping
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Greek medicine
- Related concepts
- Negative pressure, Qi, Yin and yang, Retained cupping
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern (mostly plant-based eating with occasional meat or fish)
A mostly plant-based eating pattern that includes occasional meat or fish, with no single standard definition.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Semi-vegetarian diet
- Tradition
- Vegetarian and plant-forward eating, Dietary research and clinical nutrition
- Related concepts
- Mostly vegetarian eating, Occasional meat or fish, Semi-vegetarian pattern, Nutrient adequacy planning, Restrained eating
Reference record available.
ModalityEnvironmental stimulus-reduction and relaxation therapy
Float therapy is lying in a dark, quiet tank of warm, salt-saturated water to limit sensory input.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Flotation therapy, Flotation-REST, Floatation therapy, Sensory deprivation tank therapy, Float tank therapy, Float pod therapy, Restricted environmental stimulation therapy
- Tradition
- Sensory deprivation research, Contemporary wellness practice
- Related concepts
- Restricted environmental stimulation, Buoyancy in Epsom salt solution, Skin-temperature water, Relaxation response, Altered states of consciousness
Reference record available.
ModalityVibrational or energy-based remedy system using flower preparations
Flower essence therapy is the oral use of dilute flower preparations selected by emotional state.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Flower essences, Bach flower remedies, Flower remedies, Flower therapy, Floral therapy
- Tradition
- Bach flower remedies (England, 1930s), Californian flower essences, Australian Bush flower essences, Homeopathic-influenced complementary practice
- Related concepts
- Emotional states, Energetic imprint, Stock bottle, Mother tincture, Sun method, Boiling method, Combination remedy, Placebo response
Reference record available.
ModalityNeurofeedback: real-time brain imaging self-regulation
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback displays live brain activity from an MRI scanner so people can try to change it.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- rtfMRI neurofeedback, Real-time fMRI neurofeedback, fMRI-NF, fMRI biofeedback
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, Self-regulation of brain activity, Brain-computer interface, Sham feedback, Amygdala regulation
Reference record available.
ModalityGuided or self-led nature immersion
A slow, sensory time among trees, from the Japanese shinrin-yoku, in which attention rests on sights, sounds and smells.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shinrin-yoku, Forest therapy, Forest medicine, Nature immersion
- Tradition
- Japanese preventive health programme (shinrin-yoku, 1980s)
- Related concepts
- Nature connection, Mindful attention, Stress reduction, Forest therapy guide
Reference record available.
ModalityReflective and psychotherapeutic practice rooted in religious and philosophical traditions
Forgiveness is a practice of responding to a wrong by relinquishing resentment, taught in religious traditions and in counselling.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Forgiveness therapy, Forgiveness interventions
- Tradition
- Judaism (teshuvah), Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Counselling and clinical psychology, Moral philosophy
- Related concepts
- Resentment, Decisional and process-based forgiveness, Enright process model, REACH model, Self-forgiveness, Reconciliation, Condoning and excusing, Interpersonal hurt
Reference record available.
ModalityWellness practices built on assigning effects to sound or device frequencies
Frequency-based therapy is an umbrella term for practices that assign health roles to specific sound or device frequencies.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Frequency therapy, Frequency healing, Healing frequencies, Solfeggio frequencies, Rife frequency therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Attunement
Reference record available.
ModalitySystems-based clinical model for chronic disease care
Functional medicine is a systems-biology-based clinical model that looks for modifiable causes of chronic illness.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Functional Medicine model, FM
- Tradition
- Institute for Functional Medicine (United States, founded 1991)
- Related concepts
- Systems biology, Root-cause assessment, Gene-environment interaction, Core clinical imbalances, Functional Medicine Matrix, Shared medical appointments, Patient-reported outcomes
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki lineage blending Japanese Gakkai-derived and Western practice
Gendai Reiki Ho is a Reiki method founded by Hiroshi Doi that blends Japanese and Western Reiki teaching.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gendai Reiki, Gendai Reiki-ho, Gendai Reiki Hō, Modern Reiki Method
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage), Gendai Reiki Hō
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Reiju, Attunement, Five precepts (gokai), Self-treatment, Lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityContemplative self-enquiry system built on 64 archetypes
The Gene Keys are a contemplative system by Richard Rudd that links 64 archetypes to I Ching hexagrams.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- The Gene Keys
- Tradition
- I Ching (Yijing), Human Design, Tropical astrology, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- 64 Gene Keys, Shadow, Gift and Siddhi, Hologenetic Profile, Prime Gifts, Activation Sequence, Venus Sequence, Pearl Sequence, Contemplation, Gene Keys Pulse, Hexagram wheel
Reference record available.
ModalityParenting approach (empathic, non-punitive child-rearing)
Gentle parenting is a popular label for empathic, non-punitive child-rearing that combines warmth with limit setting.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Authoritative parenting, Emotion coaching, Positive parenting, Parental burnout
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination from patterns of dots or marks
Geomancy is a form of divination that interprets patterns of dots, known in Arabic as ʿilm al-raml, the science of the sand.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- ʿilm al-raml, Science of the sand, Geomantia, Khaṭṭ al-raml, Ḍarb al-raml, Sand divination
- Tradition
- Islam, Western esotericism, Hermeticism, Ifá, Christianity
- Related concepts
- Intuition, Spirituality, Sacred Geometry, Ancestral Patterns
Reference record available.
ModalityBelief system and dowsing-based site assessment
Geopathic stress is a belief that certain ground locations emit harmful earth energies, located by dowsing.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Erdstrahlen, E-rays, Earth rays, Geopathic zones, Geopathic radiation
- Tradition
- New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Vitalism
Reference record available.
ModalityHumanistic-experiential psychotherapy
Gestalt therapy is a humanistic psychotherapy that works with present-moment awareness and contact with the environment.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gestalt psychotherapy, Gestalt counseling, Integrative Gestalt therapy
- Tradition
- Humanistic psychotherapy, Existential philosophy, Gestalt psychology
- Related concepts
- Contact and the contact boundary, Awareness, Figure-ground, Unfinished business, Experiments, Empty chair technique, Creative adjustment, Introjection, projection, retroflection and confluence, Organism-environment field
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal medicine: standardized leaf extract of a single plant
Ginkgo biloba is a tree whose leaf extracts are sold as herbal medicines and supplements, notably for memory.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba extract, Ginkgo leaf extract, Gingko biloba
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, German phytotherapy
- Related concepts
- Standardized plant extract, Herb-drug interaction, Adulteration and contamination
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy (root botanical)
Ginseng is a group of Panax and related root herbs used in Chinese and Korean medicine and sold as supplements.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Asian ginseng, Korean ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Red ginseng, Panax ginseng, Renshen
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Korean traditional medicine
- Related concepts
- Adaptogen, Ginsenosides
Reference record available.
ModalityTherapeutic and elective diet (gluten exclusion)
A diet that excludes gluten, a protein in wheat, barley and rye, used as medical treatment and also as a lifestyle choice.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- GFD, Gluten avoidance
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Gluten, Cross-contact, Gluten challenge before testing, Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki-derived hands-on energy practice
Golden Age Reiki is a Reiki-derived practice that adds spiritual ideas about a Golden Age to hands-on energy work.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reiki family: Usui Reiki Ryōhō and Western Reiki lineages, Golden Age Reiki lineage (founder and origin not verified)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Hand positions, Attunement, Lineage
Reference record available.
ModalitySound-based relaxation and meditation practice using gongs
Gong therapy is a sound practice in which participants listen, often lying down, to gongs played by a facilitator.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gong bath, Gong meditation, Gong healing
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Buddhism
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityReflective and expressive appreciation exercises
Gratitude practice is the deliberate noticing and acknowledging of what a person appreciates, often via lists, journals or letters
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gratitude practice, Gratitude journaling, Gratitude exercises, Gratitude interventions, Counting blessings, Gratitude listing, Gratitude letters
- Tradition
- Buddhism (Pali canon), Roman Stoicism, Islam, Positive psychology
- Related concepts
- Counting blessings, Gratitude listing, Gratitude letter writing, Gratitude journaling, Savouring appreciation, Positive psychology interventions, Subjective well-being
Reference record available.
ModalityCounseling and psychotherapy for bereavement and grief
Grief counseling is professional support for bereaved people, offered one-to-one, in groups or in hospice settings.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bereavement counseling, Bereavement support, Grief therapy, Grief support, Bereavement counselling
- Tradition
- Psychotherapy, Palliative and hospice care, Peer support
- Related concepts
- Grief, Bereavement, Mourning, Prolonged grief disorder, Complicated grief, Dual process model, Stage theory of grief, Continuing bonds, Meaning reconstruction, Grief-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, Peer support groups, Risk factors for complicated grief
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-contact practice with the earth or conductive grounding systems
Grounding, or earthing, is direct bodily contact with the earth, such as walking barefoot or using conductive mats indoors.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Earthing, Biological grounding
- Tradition
- Earthing movement of the 2000s and 2010s, associated with Clint Ober and colleagues
- Related concepts
- Direct contact of the body with the earth's surface, Walking barefoot outdoors, Conductive sheets, mats and patches used indoors, Electrons from the earth (proponent hypothesis), Psychological grounding techniques are a separate term
Reference record available.
ModalityManual skin-scraping technique of Chinese and Southeast Asian folk medicine
Gua sha is a technique in which a smooth-edged tool is stroked firmly over lubricated skin until marks appear.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Scraping therapy, Coining, Coin rubbing, Cao gio, Kerokan, Spooning, Press-stroking, Guasha
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese folk medicine, Vietnamese folk medicine (cao gio), Indonesian folk medicine (kerokan), Southeast Asian household remedies (coining)
- Related concepts
- Sha (petechiae), Blood stagnation, Petechiae and ecchymosis, Unidirectional scraping, Lubricated skin, Smooth-edged tools, Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation, Microcirculation (proposed mechanism)
Reference record available.
ModalityDirected mental imagery for relaxation and coping
Guided imagery is the use of spoken, written or recorded prompts to lead a person through imagined scenes or sensations.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Guided mental imagery, Visualization, Imagery therapy, Relaxation imagery, Mental rehearsal
- Tradition
- Imagery-based psychotherapy, Nursing and supportive-care relaxation programs, Behavioral medicine
- Related concepts
- Mental imagery, Progressive relaxation, Audio-recorded scripts, Guided affective imagery, Perioperative anxiety, Imagination inflation, Mental rehearsal
Reference record available.
ModalityVoice-led meditation practices
Guided meditation is meditation led by a voice, live or recorded, that directs a person's attention during the session.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Audio-guided meditation, Guided mindfulness meditation
- Tradition
- Yoga nidra, Secular mindfulness-based programmes, Contemporary meditation apps
- Related concepts
- Self-guided digital delivery, Facilitator-guided delivery, Mindfulness training apps, Adherence, Meditation-related adverse events
Reference record available.
ModalityVoice-led mental imagery and relaxation practices
Guided visualization is the use of spoken or recorded prompts to lead a person through imagined scenes, usually after relaxation.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Guided imagery, Visualization, Guided mental imagery, Relaxation imagery
- Tradition
- Imagery-based psychotherapy, Nursing and supportive-care relaxation programs
- Related concepts
- Mental imagery, Relaxation response, Audio-recorded scripts, Imagery rescripting, Preoperative anxiety, Imagination inflation
Reference record available.
ModalityClinical hypnosis applied to disorders of gut-brain interaction
Clinical hypnosis in which a trained therapist directs suggestion and imagery toward gut symptoms, mainly in IBS.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gut-focused hypnotherapy, Gut-directed hypnosis, Hypnotherapy for IBS, Manchester protocol, North Carolina protocol, GDH
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalitySpiral and wave-pattern movement method taught on equipment or a mat
Gyrotonic is a trademarked exercise method built on circular, spiral and wave-like movement, taught on pulley equipment.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gyrotonic Expansion System, Gyrotonic method, Gyrokinesis, Gyrokinesis method
- Tradition
- Dance training, Modern studio fitness
- Related concepts
- Spinal articulation, Circular and spiral movement, Breath-movement coordination, Pulley tower, Gyrokinesis mat method, Trademark-licensed trainers
Reference record available.
ModalityMindfulness-based body-centered psychotherapy
Hakomi is a mindfulness-based, body-centered form of experiential psychotherapy developed by Ron Kurtz in the 1970s.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hakomi Method, Hakomi Mindful Somatic Psychotherapy, Hakomi Method of Experiential Psychotherapy, Hakomi Therapy
- Tradition
- Body psychotherapy, Experiential psychotherapy, Buddhist and Taoist influences
- Related concepts
- Mindfulness, Mind-body holism, Nonviolence, Organicity, Unity, Loving presence, Core material, Somatic indicators, Missing experience, Assisted self-study
Reference record available.
ModalityPercussive bodywork term with no standardized definition
Hammer tapping is a term for striking the body with a hammer or similar tool in bodywork, with no standard definition.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Percussion, Tapotement, Reflex hammer, Percussive massage
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy of the hands and forearms
Hand massage is manual manipulation of the soft tissues of the hands, fingers and often the forearms.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hand massage therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Nonpharmacological nursing intervention, Comfort, Effleurage, Massage and touch
Reference record available.
ModalityCeremonial nasal tobacco snuff of Amazonian peoples
Hapé, also written rapé, is a powdered tobacco snuff used by Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and blown into the nose.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rapé, Rapê, Hapé, Hapê, Rapé snuff, Dume deshke (Huni Kuĩ term), Amazonian tobacco snuff
- Tradition
- Huni Kuĩ (Kaxinawá, Cashinahua), Yawanawá, Katukina, Apurinã, Paumari, Jarawara, Suruwahá, Jamamadi, Kulina, Deni
- Related concepts
- Nicotiana rustica (mapacho), Tobacco and tree-bark ash, Tepi (applied by another person), Kuripe (self-applied pipe), Forest medicines (medicinas da floresta), Nasal nicotine absorption, Shamanic communication with spirits, Circulation from villages to cities, Commercialization and cultural appropriation
Reference record available.
ModalitySouth Asian yoga system of postures, breath control and cleansing, and a modern postural class label
Hatha Yoga is a system of yoga described in medieval Sanskrit texts and a common label for modern postural yoga classes.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Haṭha yoga, Haṭhayoga, Hatha-yoga, Hatha yoga classes
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Hinduism, Buddhism
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityTouch-based psychosensory approach for distressing memories
Havening Techniques is a trademarked psychosensory method pairing touch on the arms, face or hands with mental tasks.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Havening, Havening Touch, Havening psychosensory therapy
- Tradition
- Psychosensory therapies
- Related concepts
- Havening Touch, Event Havening, Self-Havening, Subjective Units of Distress, Amygdala depotentiation hypothesis, Delta-wave hypothesis, CASE checklist
Reference record available.
ModalityIndigenous Native Hawaiian health and healing traditions
Hawaiian Health is an umbrella term for Native Hawaiian ways of understanding health, illness and healing, past and present.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Native Hawaiian health, Native Hawaiian healing, Hawaiian traditional healing, Hawaiian healing traditions, Kānaka ʻŌiwi healing
- Tradition
- Native Hawaiian (Kānaka ʻŌiwi, Kānaka Maoli), Lāʻau lapaʻau (plant-based medicine), Lomilomi (massage), Hoʻoponopono (family reconciliation process), Pule (prayer), Kūpuna councils of traditional Hawaiian healing practices
- Related concepts
- Ola (health and wellbeing), Mauli ola (health and wellbeing, as used by Papa Ola Lōkahi), Lōkahi (harmony), Maʻi (illness, understood as imbalance), Pilina (relationships), ʻĀina (land), Mālama ʻāina (caring for the land), Kūpuna (elders)
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy: massage of the scalp, head, neck and face
Head massage is manual massage of the scalp, head, neck and sometimes the face, offered in spas, clinics and care settings.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Indian head massage, Champi, Scalp massage, Head and scalp massage, Head and facial massage
- Tradition
- Indian head massage (champi), Ayurvedic head oiling (shiro-abhyanga), Chinese head massage, Thai yoga facial massage, Western spa and beauty therapy
- Related concepts
- Scalp and facial manipulation, Effleurage and petrissage, Marma points, Consultation and contraindication screening, Aftercare advice, Heart rate variability, Stress hormones
Reference record available.
ModalitySelf-applied finger-position and focused-attention method linked to energy concepts
The Healing Codes is a self-applied method of holding finger positions near the head and neck while focusing on a memory.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- The Healing Codes, The Healing Code, Healing Codes system, Self-healing training (Healing Codes)
- Tradition
- Energy psychology, Thought Field Therapy (cited by critics as the source), Christian prayer practice (as framed by the developer)
- Related concepts
- Healing centers, Cellular memories, Truth focus statements, Custom codes, Human energy field, Heart rate variability (developer's measure)
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue bodywork with movement education and dialogue
Hellerwork is a branded series of structural bodywork, movement education and dialogue sessions.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hellerwork Structural Integration, Heller Method
- Tradition
- Structural integration, Rolfing-derived bodywork, Somatic education
- Related concepts
- Fascia, Structural bodywork, Movement education, Somatic dialogue, Posture, Series of sessions
Reference record available.
ModalityPlant-based medicine (herbalism and phytotherapy)
Herbal medicine is the use of plants and plant extracts, such as teas, tinctures and capsules, for health purposes.
AlternativeComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Herbalism, Phytotherapy, Botanical medicine, Western herbal medicine, Western herbalism, Medical herbalism
- Tradition
- Western herbalism, Modern European phytotherapy, Nineteenth-century American botanical medicine (Thomsonianism), Greco-Roman materia medica
- Related concepts
- Materia medica, Plant extract, Individualized herbal formula, Fluid extract and tincture, Herb-drug interaction, Product authentication, Adulteration and contamination
Reference record available.
ModalityTopical plant-based preparations
Herbal poultice therapy applies a moist preparation of plant material to the skin and keeps it in contact for a period of time.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Herbal Poultice, Poultice
- Tradition
- European folk medicine, Irish folk medicine (Schools' Collection record), Contemporary herbal practice
- Related concepts
- Topical herbal preparations, Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Common plantain (Plantago major), Calendula officinalis, Mustard plaster burns, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Phytocontact dermatitis, Diaper dermatitis, Diabetic foot and pressure ulcers, Medical assessment of wounds and burns
Reference record available.
ModalityIntravenous nutrient infusion (ascorbic acid)
High-dose intravenous vitamin C is the infusion of ascorbic acid into a vein, giving blood levels that oral intake cannot.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- IV vitamin C, IV Vitamin C Therapy, Intravenous ascorbic acid, Intravenous ascorbate, Pharmacological ascorbate, High-dose IV vitamin C, IV ascorbate, IVC
- Tradition
- Orthomolecular medicine
- Related concepts
- Pharmacological ascorbate, Plasma concentration by route of administration, Hydrogen peroxide generation (laboratory hypothesis)
Reference record available.
ModalityNative Hawaiian family reconciliation practice and related modern forgiveness and self-help methods
Hoʻoponopono is a Native Hawaiian family process for restoring relationships, also used for later self-directed methods.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hoʻoponopono, Ho'oponopono, Hooponopono, Self I-Dentity Through Ho'oponopono, SITH
- Tradition
- Native Hawaiian (Kānaka Maoli) family practice, Queen Liliʻuokalani Children's Center documentation (1960s-1970s), Self I-Dentity Through Ho'oponopono (Morrnah Simeona), Popular four-phrase self-help form
- Related concepts
- pono, haku (facilitator), ʻohana, kukulu kumuhana, hihia, mahiki, mihi, kala, ʻoia iʻo, pule wehe and pule hoʻopau, forgiveness
Reference record available.
ModalityWhole-person health concept and approach
Holistic health is a whole-person approach that considers physical, mental, social and spiritual factors together.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Holistic medicine, Whole person care, Ganzheitsmedizin
- Tradition
- Holism (Jan Smuts, 1926), Holistic health movement (1970s-1980s), Holistic nursing
- Related concepts
- Whole person care, Body-mind-spirit, Biopsychosocial model, Mind-body dualism, Reductionism and mechanism, Individual responsibility for health, Wellbeing, Integrative health, Complementary and alternative medicine
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded Aboriginal-informed trauma and energy healing method
Holographic Kinetics is a branded healing method developed by Steve Richards and taught as an Aboriginal modality.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- HK, Dreamtime Healing
- Tradition
- Aboriginal Australian Lore (as described by the founder), Dreamtime and the Dreaming (English-language terms)
- Related concepts
- Lore, Hologram of time, Cellular memory, Integration, Dimensions of time, Invisible bodies, Intergenerational trauma, Thought forms
Reference record available.
ModalityBreathwork: accelerated breathing with music and bodywork in group sessions
Holotropic Breathwork is a group practice of accelerated breathing, music and bodywork developed by Stanislav and Christina Grof.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Holotropic breathing, GROF Breathwork
- Tradition
- Transpersonal psychology, Pranayama and yoga breathing traditions (antecedent named by Havenith et al.)
- Related concepts
- Breathwork (umbrella family), Volitional hyperventilation, Non-ordinary states of consciousness, Perinatal matrices model, Evocative music in five phases, Mandala drawing, Group sharing without interpretation, Circular breathwork, Conscious-Connected breathwork
Reference record available.
ModalityTrademarked Reiki system with ignitions, derived from Usui/Tibetan Reiki
Holy Fire Reiki is a Reiki system introduced by William Lee Rand in 2014 that uses a symbol and energy called Holy Fire.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Holy Fire, Holy Fire III Reiki, Usui/Holy Fire Reiki
- Tradition
- Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Attunement, Lineage, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityAlternative medical system using serially diluted preparations
Homeopathy is a medical system founded by Samuel Hahnemann that uses serially diluted, shaken preparations.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Homoeopathy, Homeopathic medicine
- Tradition
- Hahnemannian homeopathy (Germany, from the 1790s), Individualized homeopathy, Clinical homeopathy
- Related concepts
- Principle of similars (similia similibus curentur), Medicine trials on healthy volunteers (provings), Potentization (dynamization), Succussion, Centesimal (C) potencies, Fifty-millesimal (Q) potencies, Isopathy, Chronic miasms (Hahnemann, 1828), Individualized prescribing
Reference record available.
ModalityImplanted hormone delivery (medical treatment)
Hormone pellet therapy places small testosterone or estradiol implants under the skin to release hormone over months.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pellet therapy, Subcutaneous hormone pellets, Hormone implants, Subcutaneous testosterone pellets
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Bioidentical hormones, Compounded hormone therapy, Route of hormone administration, Supraphysiological hormone levels
Reference record available.
ModalityPrescription hormone treatments (menopausal and androgen therapy)
Hormone replacement therapy is a family of medical treatments that supply estrogen, progestogen or testosterone.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- HRT, Menopausal hormone therapy, Hormone therapy, Testosterone replacement therapy
- Tradition
- Gynecology, Endocrinology, Menopause medicine
- Related concepts
- Estrogen, Progestogen, Testosterone, Vasomotor symptoms, Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Hypogonadism, Compounded preparations, Bioidentical, Timing of initiation, Shared decision-making
Reference record available.
ModalityHeat-assisted manual massage using stones
Hot stone massage is a form of massage in which heated stones are placed on or moved over the body.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Stone massage, Heat-stone massage, Hot stone therapy
- Tradition
- Spa and wellness massage, LaStone Therapy (branded method), Chinese medicine framing in some research protocols
- Related concepts
- Thermotherapy, Basalt stones, Hydrotherapy, Alternating hot and cold stones, Swedish massage
Reference record available.
ModalityYoga practiced in a heated, often humid room
Hot yoga is yoga practiced in a heated, often humid room, with studio temperatures usually around 32 to 40 °C.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Heated yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Mindfulness
Reference record available.
ModalityBirth-data typology and self-knowledge system
Human Design is a belief-based self-knowledge system that turns birth data into a chart called a BodyGraph.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Human Design System
- Tradition
- New Age, Western esotericism, Astrology, I Ching, Kabbalah, Chakra system
- Related concepts
- BodyGraph, Type, Strategy, Authority, Profile, Incarnation cross, Centers, gates and channels, Not-self, Design and personality
Reference record available.
ModalityElective hormone use for aging, body composition or performance
Elective use of human growth hormone or releasing agents for aging, body composition or performance, outside medical need.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- HGH, HGH therapy, Human growth hormone therapy, Growth hormone anti-aging therapy, Recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH, Somatropin
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Growth hormone and IGF-1 axis, Adult growth hormone deficiency, Growth hormone secretagogues, Growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues, Lean body mass and fat mass, Insulin resistance, WADA Prohibited List S2
Reference record available.
ModalityWater-based physical therapies
Hydrotherapy is the therapeutic use of water, including baths, compresses, temperature applications and pool exercise.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hydropathy, Water therapy
- Tradition
- Priessnitz hydropathy (Gräfenberg), Kneipp medicine, Viennese scientific hydrotherapy, German naturopathic movement
- Related concepts
- Cold water applications, Contrast water therapy, Compresses and wraps, Aquatic exercise, Cold-water immersion, Hot tub and spa use, Balneotherapy (separate page)
Reference record available.
ModalityPressurized-chamber oxygen therapy
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is breathing oxygen inside a pressurized chamber at above normal atmospheric pressure.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- HBOT, Hyperbaric oxygen, HBO2 therapy, Hyperbaric oxygenation, Recompression therapy
- Tradition
- Hospital hyperbaric medicine, Diving and undersea medicine, Wellness-center and home soft-chamber use
- Related concepts
- Atmospheres absolute (ATA), Monoplace and multiplace chambers, Recompression, Decompression illness, Hyperoxia, Mild hyperbaric exposure, Soft-sided chambers, Middle ear barotrauma, Central nervous system oxygen toxicity, Indication lists
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy approach combining hypnosis with psychodynamic ideas
Hypnoanalysis is the use of hypnosis within psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy to explore memories and meanings.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Analytical hypnosis, Hypnoanalytic therapy, Hypnotic psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic hypnotherapy
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Psychoanalysis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalitySelf-hypnosis and relaxation-based childbirth education
Hypnobirthing is a childbirth education approach that teaches self-hypnosis, relaxation and breathing for labor.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- HypnoBirthing, Mongan Method, HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method
- Tradition
- Natural childbirth movement, Clinical hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Fear-tension-pain cycle, Self-hypnosis, Slow abdominal breathing, Guided visualization, Birth companion support, Antenatal education
Reference record available.
ModalityClinical hypnosis applied in dental care
Hypnodontics is the use of clinical hypnosis by dental professionals to support patients during dental care.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Dental hypnosis, Hypnosis in dentistry, HypnoDontics
- Tradition
- Mesmerism and Braid, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention, Awareness, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityGuided suggestion-based psychological therapy
The use of hypnosis, a state of focused attention and responsiveness to suggestion, within therapy for a concern or habit.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Clinical hypnosis, Hypnosis therapy
- Tradition
- Mesmerism and Braid, Ericksonian hypnosis, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis and guided imagery used for inner child work
Hypnotherapy for Inner Child Healing is the use of hypnosis or guided imagery to engage a client's imagined younger self.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Jungian analytical psychology
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Suggestion, Focused attention
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese classic text and divination method
The I Ching, or Yijing, is a Chinese divination text of 64 hexagrams that later became a Confucian classic.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- I Ching, Yijing, Yi Jing, Zhouyi, Book of Changes, Classic of Changes, Zhou Changes
- Tradition
- Chinese divination, Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, Zhou-period divination, Analytical psychology (Jungian)
- Related concepts
- Hexagrams, Trigrams, Yin and yang lines, Yarrow stalk divination, Ten Wings (Yizhuan), Zhouyi, Guicang, Commentarial traditions, Constancy (heng)
Reference record available.
ModalityCentral African initiatory religion using a plant sacrament, plus extracted-alkaloid use
Bwiti is a Central African religion that uses the iboga plant in initiation; ibogaine is the alkaloid extracted from it.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bwiti, Bouiti, Bwete, Iboga ceremony, Tabernanthe iboga, Ibogaine
- Tradition
- Bwiti (Gabon), Mitsogho Bwete, Apindji Bwiti, Fang syncretic Bwiti, Ombwiri cult, Western ibogaine treatment settings
- Related concepts
- Initiation, Baptism by iboga, Ancestors, Communion, Tabernanthe iboga, Ibogaine, Noribogaine, QT interval prolongation, Sustainability of wild harvest, Benefit sharing
Reference record available.
ModalityYoruba religious divination system and oral literary tradition
Ifá divination is a Yoruba religious system in which trained priests interpret signs and recite verses.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ifa, Ifá, Ifa divination system, Yoruba Ifá divination, Ifá oracle
- Tradition
- Yoruba religion, Ifá-Òrìṣà, Lucumí (Cuba), Candomblé
- Related concepts
- Odù, Ẹsẹ Ifá (verses), Babaláwo, Ìyánífá, Ọ̀rúnmìlà, Oral transmission, Initiation, Divination
Reference record available.
ModalityUmbrella family of distinct Indigenous and traditional healing and ceremonial practices
A family label for many distinct healing, ceremonial and medicinal practices held by Indigenous peoples worldwide.
HolisticMetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- First Nations, Native American, Native Canadian, Aboriginal Practices, Indigenous Traditions, Indigenous Health, Amazonian Traditions, Sacred Ceremonies, Ceremonial Practices
- Tradition
- Māori (rongoā), Anangu (ngangkari), Native American Church, Huni Kuin and other Amazonian peoples, Saraguro (Ecuador), Mazatec, Bwiti (Gabon), Native Hawaiian (lomilomi), Sangoma and nyanga (South Africa), Mexican curanderismo, First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada
- Related concepts
- Cultural safety, Traditional knowledge, Health equity, Relationality, Land and wellbeing, Ceremony, Plant medicines, Cultural appropriation
Reference record available.
ModalityParent-directed behavioral sleep guidance for infants and toddlers
Infant Sleep Coaching is paid or self-directed guidance for parents on settling babies and toddlers to sleep.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sleep Coaching, Infant sleep training, Baby sleep training, Infant sleep consulting, Behavioral infant sleep intervention
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Graduated extinction, Unmodified extinction, Bedtime fading, Controlled crying, Responsive settling, Safe sleep
Reference record available.
ModalityHeat exposure in a radiant-heat sauna cabin
Infrared sauna is a heated cabin using radiant far-infrared heaters, used by people in wellness and medical settings.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Far-infrared sauna, FIR sauna, Infrared cabin, Waon therapy
- Tradition
- Japanese Waon therapy, Commercial wellness saunas
- Related concepts
- Far-infrared radiation, Thermal vasodilation, Passive heat therapy, Sweating, Heat strain
Reference record available.
ModalityModel of care combining conventional and complementary approaches
Integrative medicine is a model of healthcare that combines conventional treatment with complementary approaches.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Integrative health, Integrative medicine and health
- Tradition
- Academic integrative medicine (United States), Integrative medicine in general practice (Australia), University complementary and integrative outpatient care (Germany)
- Related concepts
- Whole-person care, Patient-centred care, Conventional medicine, Complementary approaches, Multimodal interventions, Coordinated care, Integrative oncology, Lifestyle interventions, Medical pluralism
Reference record available.
ModalitySupportive cancer care field combining complementary and conventional approaches
Integrative oncology is a field of cancer care that uses complementary approaches alongside conventional cancer treatment.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Integrative oncology care, Integrative cancer care
- Tradition
- Integrative medicine, Conventional oncology supportive care, Mind and body practices
- Related concepts
- Complementary use alongside treatment, Alternative use instead of treatment, Patient-centred care, Evidence-informed recommendations, Symptom management, Herb-drug interactions, Clinical practice guidelines
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern: eating-window and fasting-day approaches
Intermittent fasting is a family of eating patterns that alternate set periods of fasting with periods of ordinary eating.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- IF, Time-restricted eating, Time-restricted feeding, Alternate-day fasting, 5:2 diet
- Tradition
- Islam, Christianity
- Related concepts
- Time-restricted eating, Alternate-day fasting, Circadian rhythm, Continuous calorie restriction, Fasting-mimicking diet
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy model that applies family systems ideas to inner experience
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a psychotherapy model that describes the mind as many inner parts and a core Self.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- IFS, IFS therapy, Internal Family Systems therapy, Internal Family Systems model
- Tradition
- Family systems therapy, Structural and strategic family therapy
- Related concepts
- Parts, Self, Protectors, Exiles, Unblending, Decentering, Self-compassion
Reference record available.
ModalityStandard hospital medical treatment (conventional comparator)
Intravenous fluid therapy is the hospital use of solutions given into a vein to restore or maintain body fluid.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- IV fluids, Intravenous fluids, Intravenous fluid replacement, IV fluid resuscitation
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Crystalloids, Colloids, Balanced solutions, Fluid overload, Resuscitation, replacement and maintenance
Reference record available.
ModalityIntravenous or injected delivery of an antioxidant peptide
Intravenous glutathione is the injection or infusion of glutathione, an antioxidant tripeptide made in the body.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- IV glutathione, Glutathione infusion, Glutathione drip, Glutathione injection, Parenteral glutathione, Glutathione IV
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Antioxidant, Redox balance, Oxidative stress, Melanogenesis
Reference record available.
ModalityConventional medical treatment used as a comparator: prescription iron replacement
Intravenous iron infusion is a prescription medical treatment that gives iron into a vein for diagnosed iron deficiency.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Intravenous iron, Parenteral iron, Iron infusion, IV iron, Intravenous iron therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Iron deficiency, Iron-deficiency anemia, Parenteral iron replacement, Hypophosphatemia, Infusion reactions
Reference record available.
ModalityGuided meditation protocol adapted from yoga nidra
iRest is a ten-stage guided meditation protocol adapted from yoga nidra and taught through the iRest Institute.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- iRest, Integrative Restoration, iRest meditation, iRest yoga nidra protocol
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Awareness, Mindfulness, Mind-Body Connection, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityIris-based assessment and constitutional analysis
Iridology is an alternative practice that claims to assess health by examining the iris of the eye.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Iris diagnosis, Iridodiagnosis, Irisdiagnose, Iris analysis
- Tradition
- Nineteenth-century European naturopathic and homeopathic medicine, German Heilpraktiker practice, North American naturopathic practice
- Related concepts
- Iris charts, Iris zones, Constitutional types, Iris markings and pigmentation, Diagnostic accuracy
Reference record available.
ModalityHistorical and contemporary medical traditions of Muslim societies
Islamic medicine is a term for medical learning and practice linked to Muslim societies, used in several distinct senses.
HolisticAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Arabic medicine, Arab-Islamic medicine, Islamic medical tradition
- Tradition
- Classical medicine of the Islamic Golden Age, Prophetic medicine (al-ṭibb al-nabawī), Hijama (cupping) as practised in Muslim communities, Contemporary Islamic bioethics
- Related concepts
- Greco-Islamic medical theory, Bimaristan (hospital), Hadith literature, Honey, Black seed (Nigella sativa), Hijama (cupping), Bloodletting, Spiritual and physical care
Reference record available.
ModalityElective intravenous fluid and vitamin infusion services
IV hydration therapy is the elective infusion of saline-based fluids, often with added vitamins, outside hospital care.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- IV hydration, IV drip, IV drip therapy, vitamin drip, drip bar services, mobile IV therapy, wellness IV drip, Hydration therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Intravenous infusion, Drip bar, Dehydration, Oral rehydration, Fluid overload, Electrolyte balance
Reference record available.
ModalityIntravenous infusion of fluids, vitamins and other substances
IV therapy is the delivery of fluids, vitamins, minerals or other substances directly into a vein by infusion.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- intravenous therapy, IV drip therapy, vitamin drip, intravenous nutrient therapy, intravenous micronutrient therapy, nutrient cocktail
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Intravenous infusion, Myers' cocktail, Vitamin C, Glutathione, G6PD deficiency, Oxalate nephropathy, Fluid overload, Peripheral intravenous catheter, Drip bar, Anti-doping rules
Reference record available.
ModalityModern postural yoga method taught with props
Iyengar Yoga is a method of yoga developed by B.K.S. Iyengar in India, taught with props and graded teacher training.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- BKS Iyengar Yoga, Iyengar method, Iyengar Yoga method
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional herbal medicine of Indonesia
Jamu is the herbal medicine tradition of Indonesia, especially Java, made from roots, leaves and spices.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Indonesian traditional herbal medicine, Jamu wellness culture
- Tradition
- Javanese herbal medicine, Indonesian traditional medicine
- Related concepts
- Hot and cold balance, Jamu gendong (street-sold fresh jamu), Industrial packaged jamu, Jamu saintifik (scientific jamu), Jamu scientification program (saintifikasi jamu), Polyherbal formulas
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy and massage tradition
Japanese massage is a group of manual therapies from Japan, including anma, with historical links to shiatsu.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Anma, Anma therapy, Anma massage, Amma, Traditional Japanese massage, Japanese manual therapy
- Tradition
- Japanese traditional medicine, Anma, Shiatsu
- Related concepts
- Soft-tissue manipulation, Kneading, stroking and pressing, Massage through clothing, Relationship between anma and shiatsu, Adaptation of Chinese medical theory in Japan
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese Reiki lineage with hands-on treatment training
Jikiden Reiki is a Japanese Reiki lineage, taught by the Yamaguchi family, that traces its teaching to Chujiro Hayashi.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Jikiden Reiki Kenkyukai, Jikiden Reiki Institute, Jikiden reiki
- Tradition
- Jikiden Reiki Kenkyukai (Kyoto, Japan), Hayashi Reiki Kenkyukai (1930s Japan), Usui Reiki Ryoho
- Related concepts
- Jikiden (directly transmitted), Shoden, Okuden, Shihan, Shihankaku, Reiju, Byosen, Hand placement
Reference record available.
ModalityLight-touch energy practice (hand-hold sequences, with a self-help form)
Jin Shin Jyutsu is a Japanese-origin practice in which hands are held on set body points, by a practitioner or oneself.
HolisticAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Jin Shin Jitsu, JSJ, Jin Shin Jyutsu physio-philosophy
- Tradition
- Japanese practice attributed to Jiro Murai (1886-1960), Mary Burmeister's United States transmission (from 1965), Haruki Kato's Japanese line, Jin Shin Jyutsu, Inc. teaching organisation
- Related concepts
- Safety Energy Locks, Energy pathways and flows, Mudras (hand positions), Main Central Vertical Flow, Self-help practice, Tai-eki (body fluids), The Depths
Reference record available.
ModalityYoga style: vinyasa-based method with devotional and ethical teachings
Jivamukti Yoga is a yoga method founded in New York in 1984 that pairs posture classes with five named tenets.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Jivamukti, Jivamukti Yoga Method, Jivamukti Method
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Spirituality, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityCreative arts and writing-based approach used alongside counseling
Journal therapy uses purposeful personal writing, often alongside counseling, to explore thoughts, feelings and life events.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Therapeutic writing, Expressive writing, Therapeutic journaling, Journal writing therapy
- Tradition
- Jungian analytical psychology
- Related concepts
- Expressive writing, Intensive Journal method, Gratitude journaling
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach: juice-only fasting and cleanse programs
Juice fasting is a dietary practice in which fruit and vegetable juices replace solid food for a limited period.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Juice Fast, Juice Cleanse, Juice Detox, Juice Detoxification, Juice-Only Diet, Juice Cleansing
- Tradition
- Naturopathy
- Related concepts
- Detoxification, Dietary cleansing
Reference record available.
ModalityAstrological system and timekeeping tradition of South Asia
Jyotish is the South Asian astrological tradition, also called Vedic astrology, linking sky positions at birth to life events.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Jyotisha, Jyotisa, Vedic astrology
- Tradition
- Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Karma
Reference record available.
ModalityAmazonian skin-secretion ritual and its Western adaptations
Kambo is the dried skin secretion of the Amazonian giant monkey frog, applied to small skin burns in ritual practice.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kambô, Sapo, Toad vaccine, Vacina do sapo, Giant monkey frog secretion
- Tradition
- Katukina, Yawanawá, Kaxinawá (Huni Kuĩ), Matsés, Mayoruna, Rubber-tapper and Brazilian ayahuasca-religion settings, Western neoshamanic ceremonies
- Related concepts
- Phyllomedusa bicolor, Panema, Cleansing and purification, Phyllokinin, Dermorphin, Deltorphin, Phyllocaerulein, Sauvagine, Hyponatremia, Cultural appropriation and benefit-sharing
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional herbal medical system
Kampō Medicine is the Japanese adaptation of Chinese herbal medicine, usually prescribed as fixed multi-herb formulas.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kampo, Kampo medicine, Japanese Kampo, Traditional Japanese herbal medicine
- Tradition
- Japanese Kampo, adapted from Chinese herbal medicine, Gosei-ha school (sixteenth century onward), Koho (old-formula) school of the Edo period
- Related concepts
- Sho (presentation matched to a formula), Ki, ketsu and sui (qi, blood and body fluids), Kyo-jitsu (hollow-full), Netsu-kan (heat-cold), Yin-yo (yin-yang), Four diagnostic approaches (shi-shin), Abdominal examination (fukushin), Standardized extract formulations
Reference record available.
ModalityNewborn care practice: prolonged skin-to-skin contact with breast milk feeding
Kangaroo mother care is prolonged skin-to-skin contact with a preterm or low-birth-weight newborn plus breast milk feeding.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- KMC, Kangaroo care, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Skin-to-skin contact, Exclusive breastfeeding, Preterm and low-birth-weight newborns, Early discharge and follow-up, Immediate KMC, Community-initiated KMC, Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse
Reference record available.
ModalityTrademarked Reiki system taught to Reiki masters with attunements
Karuna Reiki is a Reiki system William Lee Rand named in 1995 and teaches to Reiki masters through his training center.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Karuna Reiki®, Holy Fire Karuna Reiki, Reiki of Compassion, Sai Baba Reiki
- Tradition
- Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Universal life energy, Attunement, Lineage, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityPlant-based medicine and Pacific Island ceremonial drink (herbal supplement)
Kava is a Pacific Island plant, Piper methysticum, whose root is made into ceremonial drinks and supplement extracts.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kava kava, Awa, Ava pepper, Piper methysticum, Kawa, Yaqona, Sakau
- Tradition
- Pacific Islander traditional kava use
- Related concepts
- Kavalactones, Aqueous (water-based) extract, Organic-solvent extract, Noble cultivar, Herb-induced liver injury, Kava dermopathy, Kava bar
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy combined with a prescribed psychoactive medicine
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy pairs clinician-supervised ketamine sessions with psychotherapy, mainly in mental health care.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- KAP, Ketamine-assisted therapy, Ketamine psychedelic therapy
- Tradition
- Psychedelic-assisted therapy model, Interventional psychiatry
- Related concepts
- Treatment-resistant depression, Esketamine nasal spray, Off-label prescribing, Dissociation, Preparation, ketamine session and integration, Post-dose plasticity window (hypothesis)
Reference record available.
ModalityMedical and lifestyle dietary pattern
The Ketogenic Diet is a very low carbohydrate, high fat eating pattern that shifts metabolism toward ketosis.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Keto diet, Ketogenic dietary therapy, Very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet, VLCKD
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Ketosis, Ketone bodies, Carbohydrate restriction
Reference record available.
ModalityElastic adhesive tape applied to the skin
Kinesiology taping is the application of stretchable adhesive tape to the skin over muscles and joints.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kinesio taping, Kinesiotaping, Kinesiology tape, Elastic therapeutic tape, Elastic therapeutic taping, KT
- Tradition
- Sports medicine, Physical rehabilitation
- Related concepts
- Elastic therapeutic tape, Tape tension, Proprioception, Skin lifting hypothesis, Gate control of pain, Sham taping, Adhesive skin reaction
Reference record available.
ModalityEuropean naturopathic system of water, plants, exercise, nutrition and ordered living
Kneipp Therapy is a German naturopathic system of water applications, plants, exercise, nutrition and ordered living.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kneipp medicine, Kneipp-Therapie, Kneipp-Kur, Kneipp Health Concept, Kneipp naturopathy
- Tradition
- German natural medicine movement (Naturheilbewegung), Life reform movement (Lebensreformbewegung), Traditional European medicine, Bavarian Catholic lay medicine
- Related concepts
- Five elements, Hydrotherapy, Phytotherapy, Exercise therapy, Nutrition therapy, Lebensordnung (order of life), Hardening (Abhaertung), Thermal stimulus, Prevention and health promotion
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese Reiki lineage (Buddhist-influenced)
Komyo Reiki is a Japanese Reiki lineage led by Buddhist monk Hyakuten Inamoto, taught through Komyo Reiki Kai.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Komyo Reiki Kai, Komyo Reikido, Komyo Reiki Do
- Tradition
- Buddhism, Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Jikiden Reiki, Gendai Reiki Hō
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Reiju, Shoden, okuden and shinpiden, Self-treatment, Lineage, Awareness, Spirituality, Spiritual Growth, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityHand-point acupuncture microsystem (Korean)
Korean hand therapy is a hand-point acupuncture system that treats areas of the hand as corresponding to the whole body.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Koryo Sooji Chim, Koryo Hand Therapy, Korean Hand Acupuncture, Koryo Hand Acupuncture, Sooji Chim, KHT, Korean Hand Acupressure
- Tradition
- Korean acupuncture, East Asian medicine, Korean nursing practice
- Related concepts
- Hand as a body microsystem (homunculus), Correspondence points, K-point labels (K-D2, K-A20), Tender-point location, Hand moxibustion, Capsicum or capsaicin stimulation, Sham stimulation
Reference record available.
ModalityTuned chime instrument used in meditation, sound sessions and music making
Koshi Chimes are hand-tuned chime instruments with eight metal rods in a bamboo tube, made in southern France.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Koshi chime, Koshi wind chimes, Koshi harmonic chimes
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Attention, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityBotanical product (herbal substance with opioid-like and stimulant-like effects)
Kratom is a Southeast Asian tree, Mitragyna speciosa, whose leaves are sold as powders, capsules, teas and extracts.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mitragyna speciosa, Kratom leaf
- Tradition
- Southeast Asian traditional use
- Related concepts
- Mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, Partial mu-opioid receptor agonism, Self-treatment of pain and opioid withdrawal
Reference record available.
ModalityYogic energy concept and a modern breath, movement and meditation system
Kundalini is a spinal energy concept in tantric yoga and the name of a modern yoga system of kriyas.
MetaphysicalComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Kuṇḍalinī, Kundalini yoga, Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan
- Tradition
- Śākta tantra, Yoga traditions, Tantric Yoga, Ananda Marga (a Tantric Yoga school), Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan, 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization)
- Related concepts
- Kuṇḍalinī as a dormant rising energy, Cakras (energy centres), Central energy channel in the spine, Kriya (a set practice sequence), Pranayama (breath regulation), Mantra and chanting, Meditation, Physio-kundalini (Sannella's term), Kundalini Awakening Scale, Kundalini-like experiences and psychopathology
Reference record available.
ModalityContemplative walking practice on a patterned path
Labyrinth walking is the practice of walking a single winding path to a centre and back, usually as a contemplative exercise.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Walking the labyrinth, Labyrinth walk, Meditative labyrinth walking
- Tradition
- Classical (Cretan) labyrinth design, Medieval Christian cathedral labyrinths, Contemporary labyrinth movement
- Related concepts
- Single winding path, Seven-circuit classical design, Eleven-circuit medieval design, Walking meditation, Facilitated labyrinth walk, Collective walking with a shared intention, Finger labyrinth, Labyrinth versus maze
Reference record available.
ModalityChildbirth education approach
The Lamaze method is a childbirth education approach rooted in Soviet psychoprophylaxis and taught by Lamaze International.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lamaze, Lamaze technique, Lamaze childbirth education, Psychoprophylactic method, Psychoprophylaxis, Accouchement sans douleur
- Tradition
- Soviet psychoprophylactic method
- Related concepts
- Psychoprophylaxis, Conditioned reflexes, Antenatal education, Breathing and relaxation, Healthy birth practices, Continuous labor support
Reference record available.
ModalityApplication of live medicinal leeches (hospital device use and traditional or elective use)
Leech therapy is the application of live medicinal leeches to the skin, called hirudotherapy, in surgical and traditional use.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hirudotherapy, Medicinal leech therapy, Leeching
- Tradition
- Ayurveda, Unani medicine, Persian medicine, Greco-Roman humoral medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine
- Related concepts
- Venous congestion, Hirudin, Leech saliva, Bloodletting, Microsurgery, Aeromonas infection, Antibiotic prophylaxis
Reference record available.
ModalityCartomancy with a 36-card illustrated deck
Lenormand Cards are a 36-card deck of illustrated everyday symbols that practitioners read in combinations for divination.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lenormand deck, Lenormand oracle, Petit Lenormand, Le Normand cards, Mademoiselle Lenormand cards
- Tradition
- Cartomancy tradition
- Related concepts
- Intuition
Reference record available.
ModalityNon-clinical personal-development coaching (umbrella for related coaching practices)
Life coaching is an umbrella term for goal-focused, non-clinical coaching on personal development.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Inner Game, GROW model, Solution-focused coaching, Cognitive-behavioural coaching, Positive psychology, Humanistic psychology
- Related concepts
- Goal setting, Goal attainment, Coaching agreement, Non-clinical population, Referral to a mental health professional, Well-being, Hope, Strengths, Self-regulation, Core competencies, Code of ethics, Coaching supervision
Reference record available.
ModalityClinical discipline built on health-behaviour change
Lifestyle medicine is a clinical discipline that uses structured changes in daily habits to prevent and manage chronic disease.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lifestyle as medicine, LM
- Tradition
- Preventive medicine, Primary care, Cardiometabolic research
- Related concepts
- Six pillars of lifestyle medicine, Whole-food plant-predominant eating pattern, Physical activity, Restorative sleep, Stress management, Avoidance of risky substances, Positive social connection, Health behaviour change, Motivational interviewing, Type 2 diabetes remission, Social determinants of health, Medication adjustment under clinical supervision
Reference record available.
ModalitySpontaneous vocal, written or gestural spiritual expression
Light language is a contemporary spiritual practice of unplanned sounds, symbols or gestures held to carry non-verbal meaning.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Light Languages, Language of Light, Angelic language, Tongues of angels, Tonguespeak, Non-religious glossolalia
- Tradition
- New Age spirituality, Channelling and energy-work communities
- Related concepts
- Glossolalia, Vibrational communication, Altered states of consciousness, Channelling, Toning, Activation, Higher self, Light codes, Xenoglossy
Reference record available.
ModalityTimed exposure to bright artificial light, studied mainly for mood and body-clock disorders
Light therapy is scheduled exposure to bright artificial light, studied mainly in seasonal depression and body-clock disorders.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Bright light therapy, Bright white light therapy, Light box therapy, SAD lamp therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Seasonal affective disorder, Circadian rhythm, Photoperiod, Light box, Non-seasonal depression, Sleep-wake phase disorders
Reference record available.
ModalityNative Hawaiian traditional massage and bodywork
Lomi Lomi is a Native Hawaiian form of massage in which a practitioner kneads and presses the body.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lomilomi, Lomi lomi massage, Hawaiian massage
- Tradition
- Native Hawaiian healing, Lāʻau lapaʻau, Hoʻoponopono
- Related concepts
- Lomi (to knead or rub), Pule (prayer), Kāhuna hāhā, Kāhuna lāʻau lapaʻau
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern: carbohydrate-restricted eating
Low carbohydrate nutrition is a family of eating patterns that limit carbohydrate, defined differently across studies.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Low-Carb Diet, Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Carbohydrate restriction, Percentage of total energy, Nutritional ketosis, Diabetes remission
Reference record available.
ModalityLocally applied hormone treatment (standard medical care)
Low-dose vaginal estrogen is a locally applied hormone treatment, as cream, tablet or ring, for menopause-related symptoms.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Local vaginal estrogen, Vaginal estrogen therapy, Topical vaginal estrogen, Intravaginal estrogen, Local estrogen therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Vulvovaginal atrophy
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach used alongside conventional gastroenterology care
A dietary approach for irritable bowel syndrome that temporarily limits fermentable carbohydrates, then reintroduces them.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Low FODMAP diet, FODMAP diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Fermentable carbohydrates, Irritable bowel syndrome, Gut-brain interaction, Elimination and reintroduction
Reference record available.
ModalityNon-surgical lymphedema management program
Lymphedema therapy is a set of non-surgical care methods, including compression and light massage, for chronic limb swelling.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lymphoedema therapy, Complex decongestive therapy, Complete decongestive therapy, Decongestive lymphatic therapy, Complex decongestive physiotherapy, Combined physical therapy
- Tradition
- Vodder school of manual lymph drainage, Lymphology, Physical and rehabilitation medicine
- Related concepts
- Complex decongestive therapy, Manual lymphatic drainage, Compression bandaging and garments, Simple lymphatic drainage, Intermittent pneumatic compression, Skin care, Decongestive exercise, Intensive and maintenance phases
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary system and lifestyle philosophy of Japanese origin
A Japanese-origin dietary system built around whole grains and vegetables and framed by yin-yang ideas.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Macrobiotics
- Tradition
- Japanese macrobiotics
- Related concepts
- Yin and yang
Reference record available.
ModalityMineral dietary supplementation
Magnesium supplementation is the use of magnesium products taken by mouth to add to the magnesium in food.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Magnesium supplements, Oral magnesium supplementation, Magnesium supplement
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Elemental magnesium, Bioavailability, Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia, Tolerable upper intake level, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium citrate
Reference record available.
ModalityMagnetic field exposure from wearable or bedding products
Magnet therapy is the use of static magnets, worn or placed against the body, for health or pain-related purposes.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Magnetic therapy, Magnetic field therapy, Static magnetic field therapy, Magnetotherapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Static magnetic field, Permanent magnet, Animal magnetism, Magnetic field strength (gauss), Placebo control, Pulsed electromagnetic field (context)
Reference record available.
ModalityCreative arts-based drawing and coloring activity
Mandala therapy is the therapeutic or wellness use of drawing or coloring circular, symmetrical designs called mandalas.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mandala art, Mandala art therapy, Mandala drawing therapy, Mandala painting therapy, Mandala coloring, Mandala drawing
- Tradition
- Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana), Jungian analytical psychology, Art therapy
- Related concepts
- Structured mandala coloring, Open-ended mandala drawing, Jungian concept of the Self, Active imagination, Attentional focus, Mindfulness-guided coloring
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy using light, rhythmic skin strokes
Manual lymphatic drainage is a hands-on technique of light, rhythmic skin strokes directed along lymphatic pathways.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Manual lymph drainage, MLD, Vodder method, Vodder MLD, Dr. Vodder's Manual Lymph Drainage, Manual Lymph Drainage ad modum Vodder
- Tradition
- Vodder method, Földi method, Complex decongestive therapy
- Related concepts
- Lymphatic system, Lymphedema, Complex decongestive therapy, Compression bandaging, Self lymphatic drainage
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic vital-point manual therapy
Marma point therapy is an Ayurvedic practice of stimulating marmas, vital points described in classical texts, by hand.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Marma therapy, Marma chikitsa, Marma massage, Marma point massage, Marmacikitsa
- Tradition
- Ayurveda, Yoga traditions, Kalaripayattu
- Related concepts
- Marma (vital points), Prana, Sushruta Samhita, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of hands-on soft-tissue manipulation methods
Massage is a family of hands-on methods that apply pressure and movement to the body's soft tissues.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Massage therapy, Therapeutic massage
- Tradition
- Swedish (classical) massage, Nuad Thai (traditional Thai massage), Japanese anma, Anthroposophic rhythmical massage, Ayurvedic oil massage, Neuromuscular technique, Vodder manual lymph drainage
- Related concepts
- Soft-tissue manipulation, Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Tapotement, Trigger points, Sen lines, Lymph drainage, Pressure intensity, Cautions and contraindications
Reference record available.
ModalityLiquid-only detox diet
The Master Cleanse is a liquid-only detox diet, also called the Lemonade Diet, promoted for cleansing the body.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Lemonade Diet, Master Cleanser, Lemon Detox Diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Detoxification, Fasting, Very low calorie diets
Reference record available.
ModalityEFT-based tapping and memory-imagery method (energy psychology)
Matrix Reimprinting is a tapping-based method that adapts EFT to revisit and re-picture memories of past events.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Matrix Reimprinting using EFT, MR (Matrix Reimprinting), EFT Matrix Reimprinting
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mind-Body Connection, Memory reconsolidation
Reference record available.
ModalityAbdominal and pelvic bodywork attributed to Maya healing traditions
Mayan abdominal massage is an external abdominal and pelvic massage attributed to Maya healing and midwifery traditions.
HolisticAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Maya abdominal massage, Maya abdominal therapy, Mayan abdominal therapy, Arvigo Techniques of Maya Abdominal Therapy, Arvigo Maya Abdominal Therapy, ATMAT
- Tradition
- Maya healing, Kaqchikel Maya midwifery, Q'eqchi Maya midwifery, Mexican sobada
- Related concepts
- Sobada, Womb repositioning, Chu'lel, Self-care massage, Five systems of flow, Pelvic steams, Uterine position, Apprenticeship lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityStandardized group mindfulness meditation training program
MBSR is a standardized eight-week group program that teaches mindfulness meditation and mindful movement.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, MBSR program, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program
- Tradition
- Contemplative traditions as adapted in clinical programs, Behavioral medicine
- Related concepts
- Body scan, Sitting meditation, Mindful movement, Daily home practice, Informal practice, Decentering, Mindfulness-based programs, Teacher training and supervision
Reference record available.
ModalityIntuitive health assessment (claimed extrasensory perception of health conditions)
Medical intuition is the claimed ability to perceive information about a person's health by intuition rather than examination.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Medical Intuitive, Medical Intuitive Reading, Intuitive Diagnosis
- Tradition
- Trance readings (Edgar Cayce lineage), New Age and holistic health movement, Energy medicine
- Related concepts
- Intuitive diagnosis, Remote or at-a-distance reading, Energy anatomy, Biofield, Reading (session), Scanning
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary supplement family: fungal powders, extracts and tinctures
Medicinal mushrooms are fungi such as reishi and lion's mane sold as supplement powders, extracts and tinctures.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Functional mushrooms, Mushroom supplements, Medicinal fungi, Mycotherapy, Adaptogenic mushrooms
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Beta-glucans, Immunomodulation, Fruiting body versus mycelium, Standardized extract
Reference record available.
ModalityMeditation and contemplative
A family of practices that cultivate attention and awareness, with distinct forms across religious and secular settings.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Contemplative practice
- Tradition
- Buddhism, Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Attention, Mindfulness
Developed article available.
ModalityDietary pattern and regional food heritage
The Mediterranean diet is an eating pattern and food heritage drawn from the cultures of the Mediterranean basin.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mediterranean-style diet, MedDiet, Mediterranean dietary pattern
- Tradition
- Mediterranean regional food heritage
- Related concepts
- Dietary pattern, Cultural heritage, Conviviality, Adherence score
Reference record available.
ModalitySpirit communication and trance practices
Mediumship is the claimed ability of a person to communicate with deceased people or other non-material beings.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spirit mediumship
- Tradition
- Spiritualism (United States and Britain, from 1848), Spiritism (Kardec; Brazil), Chinese spirit mediumship (dang-ki, Singapore)
- Related concepts
- Anomalous information reception, Trance, Dissociation, Cold reading, Continuing bonds, Survival hypothesis
Reference record available.
ModalityHormone-based sleep aid sold as a dietary supplement or licensed medicine
Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland and also sold as an oral supplement or licensed medicine for sleep.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, melatonin supplements
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Circadian rhythm, Sleep-wake cycle, Pineal gland, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Chronobiotic
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki lineage with a Tibetan Buddhist framing
Men Chho Reiki is a Reiki-family lineage, framed as Tibetan Buddhist, using Reiki hand positions with mantra and visualization.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reiki family, Tibetan Buddhism (lineage framing, not verified)
- Related concepts
- Hand-position energy practice, Medicine Buddha, Mantra and visualization, Lineage attribution
Reference record available.
ModalityMenopausal hormone therapy (standard medical treatment)
Estrogen given without a progestogen, usually to women who have had a hysterectomy, for menopause-related symptoms.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Estrogen-alone therapy, Estrogen-only hormone therapy, Oestrogen-only HRT, Unopposed estrogen therapy, Estrogen therapy without progestogen, Oestrogen replacement
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Hysterectomy, Unopposed estrogen, Vasomotor symptoms, Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Endometrial cancer risk, Absolute risk, Shared decision-making
Reference record available.
ModalityPrescription menopausal hormone therapy (combined estrogen and progestogen)
Menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy is a medical treatment combining estrogen and a progestogen for women with a uterus.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Combined hormone therapy, Combined menopausal hormone therapy, Estrogen plus progestin therapy, Combined HRT, Oestrogen-progestogen therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Endometrial protection, Vasomotor symptoms, Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Timing of initiation, Absolute risk, Shared decision-making
Reference record available.
ModalityManual abdominal and pelvic therapy used in women's reproductive health
Mercier Therapy is a manual abdominal and pelvic therapy named for its developer, Jennifer Mercier.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Women's reproductive health bodywork, Massage therapy
- Related concepts
- Abdominal and pelvic manual therapy, Female infertility, Endometriosis, Practitioner certification
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese divinatory face reading within the physiognomy (xiangshu) tradition
Mian Xiang is the Chinese practice of reading fortune and character from the shape, color and regions of the face.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Xiangmian, Mianxiang, Mien shiang, Chinese face reading
- Tradition
- Chinese physiognomy (xiangshu), Ming-period physiognomy manuals, Chinese medical complexion inspection (comparison)
- Related concepts
- Three Sections, Twelve Palaces, Five Mountains and Four Rivers, Five Phases body types, Qi and color, Flowing years, Fengshui (geomancy)
Reference record available.
ModalityLow-level electrical stimulation delivered through the skin
Microcurrent therapy applies low-level electrical current, below 1 milliampere, through the skin for clinical or cosmetic uses.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- MENS, Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation, Microcurrent electrical stimulation, MES, MCT, MET, Microcurrent stimulation, Microcurrent electrical therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Microampere-range current, Sub-sensory stimulation, Bioelectric signaling, Electrotherapy, Sham-controlled trials, Wound and scar care, Pain modulation, Home-use devices
Reference record available.
ModalityRegulated healthcare profession: maternity and newborn care
Midwifery is the health profession in which midwives care for people through pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Licensed midwifery, Midwife-led care
- Tradition
- Traditional birth attendants, Granny midwives (African American community birth attendants, US South)
- Related concepts
- Midwife-led continuity of care, Promotion of normal birth, Candidate selection for home birth, Consultation and hospital transfer, Midwifery scope of practice
Reference record available.
ModalityMild pressurized-chamber oxygen exposure
Mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy is breathing oxygen in a chamber pressurized slightly above normal air pressure.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- mHBOT, Mild HBOT, Mild hyperbaric oxygenation, Soft-sided hyperbaric oxygen, Mild hyperbaric treatment
- Tradition
- Wellness-center and spa use, Sports recovery and performance research, Hospital hyperbaric medicine (for contrast)
- Related concepts
- Atmospheres absolute (ATA), Soft-sided chambers, Hard-sided mild chambers, Hyperoxia, Middle ear barotrauma, Chamber fire risk, Clinical hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Placebo chamber pressure, Oxygen partial pressure
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal medicine: seed extract used for liver conditions
Milk thistle is a preparation from the seeds of Silybum marianum, used in herbal medicine for liver conditions.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Silybum marianum, Silymarin, Silibinin, Marian thistle, St. Mary's thistle
- Tradition
- Greco-Roman materia medica
- Related concepts
- Silymarin, Flavonolignans, Hepatoprotective claims, Antidote use in mushroom poisoning, Galactagogue use
Reference record available.
ModalityMindfulness-based psychological and behavioral eating program
Mindful eating therapy applies structured mindfulness training to eating behavior, usually in a group program.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mindfulness-based eating awareness training, MB-EAT, Mindfulness-based eating programs, Mindful eating training
- Tradition
- Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) lineage, Contemporary clinical psychology, Secular adaptations of Buddhist meditation
- Related concepts
- Mindful eating, Hunger and satiety awareness, Binge eating disorder, Emotional eating, Reward-driven eating, Taste satisfaction, Interoceptive awareness, Self-acceptance, Weight and eating behavior
Reference record available.
ModalityAttention-based contemplative practice and structured group programmes
Mindfulness is a family of attention-based practices and group programmes derived from Buddhist meditation.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mindfulness meditation, Mindfulness-based interventions, Mindfulness-based programmes
- Tradition
- Buddhist meditation traditions (Theravada, Zen and Tibetan), Burmese Buddhist reform movements, Secular clinical programmes (MBSR and MBCT), Contemplative science
- Related concepts
- Sati, Bare attention, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Decentering, Body scan, Sitting meditation, Home practice, Relapse prevention, Meditation-related adverse effects
Reference record available.
ModalityReceptive sound and vibroacoustic practice using a multi-string instrument
Monochord therapy is a receptive sound practice in which a person lies on or beside a many-stringed resonant instrument.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Body monochord therapy, Monochord music therapy, Treatment monochord, Sound table, Sound bed, Klangliege, Körpermonochord
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalitySuction cup technique in which cups are moved over lubricated skin
Moving cupping is a form of cupping in which suction cups are slid over lubricated skin instead of staying in place.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sliding cupping, Gliding cupping, Running cupping, Massage cupping, Cupping massage, Moving cupping therapy, Zou guan
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Du meridian, Retained cupping, Negative pressure
Reference record available.
ModalityMoxibustion (heat therapy using burned mugwort)
Moxa cone therapy is a form of moxibustion in which small cones of dried mugwort are burned on or near the skin.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Moxa Cone, Cone moxibustion, Moxa cone moxibustion
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, East Asian medicine
- Related concepts
- Moxibustion, Mugwort (Artemisia), Direct moxibustion, Indirect moxibustion, Acupoints, Moxa smoke
Reference record available.
ModalityHeat-based point stimulation in East Asian medicine
Moxibustion is the burning of mugwort herb on or near the skin, usually at acupuncture points, in East Asian medicine.
ComplementaryAlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine), Japanese direct moxa (okyu), Traditional East Asian medicine
- Related concepts
- Moxa (Artemisia vulgaris or Artemisia argyi), Direct moxibustion, Indirect moxibustion, Moxa sticks, Moxa cones, Acupuncture points, Bladder 67 (BL67, Zhiyin), Smokeless moxa, Channels (meridians)
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary supplement category: combined vitamin and mineral products
Multivitamin supplements are oral products that combine several vitamins and, often, minerals.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Multivitamin/mineral supplements, Multivitamins, Multivitamin-multimineral supplements, MVM supplements, Multis
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Recommended Dietary Allowance, Tolerable upper intake level, Nutritional insurance, Fortified foods
Reference record available.
ModalityArts-based psychological therapy
A therapist-led practice using shared musical experiences, such as improvising or listening, within a therapeutic relationship.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- therapeutic relationship, improvisation, musical interaction, arts therapies
Reference record available.
ModalityIntravenous vitamin and mineral infusion
The Myers' cocktail is an intravenous infusion of vitamins and minerals named after a physician, John Myers.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Myers cocktail, Myers' cocktail, Intravenous micronutrient therapy, IV micronutrient therapy, IVMT, Intravenous vitamin therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Intravenous micronutrient therapy, Placebo response, Fluid and electrolyte load
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy and self-applied soft tissue techniques
Myofascial release is a family of manual and self-applied techniques aimed at fascia and the muscles around it.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Myofascial, MFR, Myofascial release therapy, Myofascial release technique
- Tradition
- Osteopathic manual medicine, Physical therapy, Massage and bodywork, Structural integration lineage
- Related concepts
- Fascia, Fascial system, Tissue release, Direct and indirect techniques, Self-myofascial release, Foam rolling, Myofascial pain syndrome
Reference record available.
ModalityIntravenous coenzyme infusion offered in wellness and integrative settings
NAD+ IV Therapy is the infusion of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into a vein in wellness settings.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- NAD+ infusion, NAD IV therapy, Intravenous NAD+, NAD+ infusion therapy, IV NAD+
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ precursors, Nicotinamide riboside, Nicotinamide mononucleotide, Sirtuins, Mitochondrial energy metabolism
Reference record available.
ModalitySouth Indian palm-leaf divination
Nadi astrology is a South Indian form of divination in which readers claim to find a person's life account on palm leaves.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nadi Jyotishyam, Nadi Jothidam, Nāḍī divination, Naadi astrology, Palm-leaf astrology, Ola leaf horoscopes
- Tradition
- Tamil Nadu thumb-impression nāḍī reading, Sanskrit nāḍī texts (Kerala region), Hindu astrology (jyotiṣa)
- Related concepts
- Nāḍī (aṃśa) divisions, Thumb impression reading, Palm-leaf manuscripts, Karma and destiny, Śānti (propitiation), Jīva nāḍī, Kāṇḍam chapters, Barnum effect
Reference record available.
ModalityPulse examination within Ayurvedic diagnosis
Nadi Pariksha is the Ayurvedic examination of the pulse, used in that tradition to assess the doshas.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nadi Vigyan, Nadi Nidan, Nadipariksha, Ayurvedic pulse diagnosis, Ayurvedic pulse examination
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Dosha, Prakriti, Tridosha (vata, pitta, kapha), Ashta sthana pariksha (eight-point examination)
Reference record available.
ModalityHindu life-cycle rite (samskara)
A Hindu life-cycle rite, one of the samskaras, in which a newborn child is formally given a name.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nāmakaraṇa, Namakarana, Namkaran, Namakarmam, Namakarana samskara, Hindu naming ceremony
- Tradition
- Hinduism, Grihya Sutra household ritual literature, Dharmashastra literature, Jyotisha (Hindu astrology)
- Related concepts
- samskara, nakshatra name, secret name, popular name, paddhati manuals, ceremonial impurity after birth, rashi
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic nasal medication procedure within panchakarma
Nasya is an Ayurvedic procedure in which medicated oils, juices or powders are administered through the nose.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nasya karma, Errhine therapy, Ayurvedic nasal instillation
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Panchakarma, Shodhana (purification procedures), Pratimarsha nasya, Marsha nasya, Dinacharya (daily regimen)
Reference record available.
ModalityChildbirth preparation movement and care philosophy
Natural childbirth is a movement and set of preferences favoring birth with minimal medical intervention, often unmedicated.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Natural birth, Unmedicated birth, Unmedicated childbirth, Physiological birth
- Tradition
- Psychoprophylactic method of childbirth, Lay midwifery and home birth movement of the 1970s, Midwifery-led care
- Related concepts
- Physiological birth, Antenatal education, Continuous labor support, Non-pharmacological pain relief, Informed choice, Psychoprophylaxis
Reference record available.
ModalityMulti-modality system of natural and lifestyle-based care
Naturopathy is a system of care built on diet, lifestyle, herbs, water treatments and other non-drug methods.
AlternativeComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Naturopathic medicine, Naturheilkunde, Traditional European Naturopathy, Nature care
- Tradition
- German natural healing movement (Naturheilkunde), Kneipp therapy, North American naturopathic medicine, German Heilpraktiker practice, Yoga and naturopathy in India
- Related concepts
- Vis medicatrix naturae (healing power of nature), Tolle causam (identify and treat the cause), Primum non nocere (first do no harm), Docere (doctor as teacher), Tolle totum (treat the whole person), Prevention, Hydrotherapy, Herbal and nutritional medicine, Lifestyle counseling, Tonic remedies
Reference record available.
ModalityCombined Chinese medicine technique: cupping with acupuncture needling
Needle cupping combines cupping with acupuncture, with cups placed over inserted needles in Chinese medicine practice.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Acupuncture-cupping, Acupuncture plus cupping, Needle-retaining cupping, Zhen guan
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Blood stasis
Reference record available.
ModalityInjection-based local anesthetic therapy
Neural therapy is a physician-led practice of injecting short-acting local anesthetics at set body sites.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Neuraltherapie, Neuraltherapie nach Huneke, Therapeutic local anesthesia, Terapia neural, Huneke neural therapy
- Tradition
- German-speaking Europe (Huneke brothers), Physician societies in Switzerland and Austria, Latin American neural therapy (Colombia)
- Related concepts
- Interference field (Störfeld), Neuromodulatory trigger, Segmental therapy, Wheal (Quaddel) injection, Trigger points, Autonomic nervous system regulation, Sekundenphänomen
Reference record available.
ModalityMind-body technique using muscle testing, developed in chiropractic
Neuro Emotional Technique is a chiropractor-developed method that pairs muscle testing with a manual correction.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- NET, Neuro-Emotional Technique, Neuro Emotional Technique (NET)
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiropractic
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mind-Body Connection, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityCommunication and behavior-change framework used in coaching and counseling
A communication and behavior-change framework from the 1970s built on preferred sensory modes and modeling.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- NLP, Neurolinguistic programming, Neuro-linguistic programming
- Tradition
- Bandler and Grinder NLP (1970s onward)
- Related concepts
- Preferred representational systems, Rapport, Modeling, Well-formed outcomes, Anchoring, Eye accessing cues, Reframing
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue therapy and massage lineage
Neuromuscular massage is a manual soft-tissue approach that uses assessment and pressure at tender points in muscle.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Neuromuscular therapy, NMT, Neuromuscular technique, Neuromuscular massage therapy
- Tradition
- European neuromuscular technique (naturopathic and osteopathic), American neuromuscular therapy (chiropractic, massage and physical therapy influences)
- Related concepts
- Trigger points, Myofascial pain, Ischemia, Soft-tissue palpation, Pressure pain threshold
Reference record available.
ModalityAboriginal traditional healing (Anangu, Western Desert)
Ngangkari healing is the traditional healing practice of Anangu healers of Central Australia's Western Desert.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ngangkari, Ngangkaṟi healing, Anangu traditional healing, Aboriginal traditional healing (Western Desert)
- Tradition
- Anangu, Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra, Western Desert Aboriginal healing
- Related concepts
- kurunpa (spirit), pampuni (touch), mapampa (blowing), marali (spiritual healing and bush medicines), two-way health care, Ngangkaṟiku Tjurkupa (customary law)
Reference record available.
ModalityGuided supine relaxation and meditation practice derived from yoga
Nidra Yoga, more often called yoga nidra, is a guided meditation practice, usually done lying down, taught in modern yoga schools.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Yoga Nidra, Yoganidrā, Yogic sleep, iRest, Integrative Restoration
- Tradition
- Śaiva and Buddhist Tantras (textual uses of the term), Medieval Haṭha and Rājayoga texts, Bihar School of Yoga (Satyananda lineage), iRest (Integrative Restoration Institute)
- Related concepts
- Yoganidrā, Samādhi, Turīya (fourth state), Saṅkalpa (resolve), Rotation of consciousness, Nyāsa, Pratyāhāra (sensory withdrawal), Śavāsana (corpse pose), Seven-stage Satyananda protocol, iRest 10-step protocol, Non-Sleep Deep Rest
Reference record available.
ModalityNumber-based symbolic interpretation and divination
Numerology is a belief-based practice that assigns symbolic meanings to numbers drawn from names and birth dates.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Number divination
- Tradition
- Western esotericism, New Thought, Hebrew gematria, Greek isopsephia
- Related concepts
- Pythagorean letter table, Chaldean label, Birth-date digits, Name digits, Reduction to single digits, Master numbers, Compound numbers
Reference record available.
ModalityDiet and nutrient-based approaches to mental health care
Nutritional psychiatry is a research field and clinical approach studying diet and nutrients in mental health.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Academic psychiatry and nutrition research
- Related concepts
- Diet quality, Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Nutraceuticals, Adjunctive treatment, Microbiota-gut-brain axis, Omega-3 fatty acids, Probiotics
Reference record available.
ModalityPractitioner-led dietary and lifestyle consultation
Nutritional therapy is a practitioner-led approach using individual dietary assessment and food and lifestyle advice.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Naturopathic movement (cited as historical context), Orthomolecular medicine (cited as historical context), UK voluntary-register nutritional therapy
- Related concepts
- Individualized dietary assessment, Personalized nutrition, Functional and genomic testing, Dietary supplements, Elimination diets, Referral for red-flag symptoms, Voluntary registration
Reference record available.
ModalityAllied health profession centered on everyday activity and participation
Occupational therapy is a health profession that supports people in taking part in everyday activities, called occupations.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- OT
- Tradition
- Moral treatment, Rehabilitation, Mental health care, Pediatric therapy, Dementia and older-adult care
- Related concepts
- Occupation, Activities of daily living, Instrumental activities of daily living, Participation, Person-centered goals, Environmental adaptation, Sensory integration, Goal Attainment Scaling, Occupational Therapy Practice Framework
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional oral-care practice (swishing edible oil in the mouth)
Oil pulling is the practice of swishing an edible oil in the mouth and spitting it out, described in Ayurvedic texts.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Gandusha, Gandoosha, Kavala graha, Kavala gandoosha, Oil swishing
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Gandusha, Kavala graha, Dinacharya, Oral hygiene
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary supplement: long-chain and plant omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats taken as fish, krill or algal oil supplements or eaten in foods.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Omega-3s, Omega-3 supplements, Fish oil, Marine omega-3s, n-3 fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Omega-3 PUFA
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, Fish oil, Krill oil, Algal oil
Reference record available.
ModalityGroup art therapy model (studio-based)
Open studio art therapy is a group art-making space in which a trained art therapist is present and the art process is central.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Open studio approach to art therapy, Open studio art therapy group, Open studio model, Open Studio Process, Studio-based art therapy
- Tradition
- Humanistic psychology, Jungian analytical psychology
- Related concepts
- Art as therapy, Creative process, Art therapist as facilitator, Free choice of materials, Witnessing
Reference record available.
ModalityCard-based divination and reflective practice
Oracle cards are illustrated card decks, distinct from tarot, used for divination, guidance or self-reflection.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Oracle decks, Oracle card decks, Cartomancy decks, Fortune-telling cards, Divination cards
- Tradition
- Lenormand cartomancy, Kipper cards, Sibilla cards, Contemporary New Age oracle decks
- Related concepts
- Cartomancy, Divination, Card spreads, Guidebook meanings, Self-reflection, Barnum effect
Reference record available.
ModalityHistorical divination practice: heated bone and shell cracking, Bronze Age China
Oracle-bone divination is a Shang-dynasty practice of reading cracks made by heating ox bones and turtle shells.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Oracle bone divination, Scapulimancy and plastromancy in Shang China, Jiaguwen divination, Osteo-pyromancy (China)
- Tradition
- Shang dynasty religion
- Related concepts
- Ancestral Patterns, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityGentle positional-release bodywork derived from osteopathy
Orthobionomy is a gentle bodywork method, founded by Arthur Lincoln Pauls, that uses positions of ease.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ortho-Bionomy, Orthobionomy, Ortho Bionomy
- Tradition
- Osteopathy, Strain-counterstrain, Somatic bodywork
- Related concepts
- Self-corrective reflex, Positional release, Position of ease, Proprioception, Exaggerating the preferred position, Phases of technique
Reference record available.
ModalityNutrient-based alternative medicine using high-intake vitamins, minerals and amino acids
Orthomolecular medicine uses vitamins, minerals and amino acids at high intakes, based on a theory of optimum body concentrations.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Orthomolecular therapy, Orthomolecular psychiatry, Megavitamin therapy, Mega-vitamin therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Optimum molecular environment, Orthomolecular psychiatry, Megavitamin therapy, High-dose vitamin C, Individual biochemistry
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy and healthcare profession
Osteopathy is a manual healthcare approach that uses hands-on assessment and treatment of the body's tissues and joints.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic manual therapy, Osteopathic manipulative treatment
- Tradition
- Osteopathy (United States origin), British osteopathy
- Related concepts
- Somatic dysfunction, Structure-function relationship, Osteopathic manipulative treatment, Direct and indirect techniques, Self-regulation
Reference record available.
ModalityVocal technique and sound practice (overtone and multiphonic singing)
Overtone singing is a vocal technique in which one singer sounds a low drone and a separate high melody together.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Harmonic singing, Overtone chanting, Throat singing, Diphonic singing, Biphonic singing, Khoomei, Khöömii, Harmonic chant
- Tradition
- Buddhism, New Age spirituality, Tuvan, Mongolian
- Related concepts
- Awareness, Attention, Spirituality, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityMedical gas therapy using oxygen-ozone mixtures
Ozone therapy is the medical use of oxygen-ozone gas mixtures applied to blood, tissues, joints, discs or body cavities.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Oxygen-ozone therapy, Medical ozone therapy, Oxy-ozone therapy, O2-O3 therapy
- Tradition
- German medical ozone practice, North American naturopathy, Indian naturopathy, Interventional pain practice
- Related concepts
- Oxygen-ozone mixture, Medical ozone, Major autohemotherapy, Minor autohemotherapy, Rectal insufflation, Intradiscal injection, Paravertebral injection, Ozonated oil, Ozonated water, Ozone gas bath, Gas embolism
Reference record available.
ModalityAndean ritual offerings and reciprocity with the earth
Offerings and gestures of reciprocity to Pachamama, the Andean earth being, practiced by Quechua and Aymara communities.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pachamama offerings, Pachamama ceremonies, Mother Earth offerings, Corpachada, Ch'alla, Offerings to Pachamama
- Tradition
- Quechua, Aymara, Andean communities of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, northern Argentina and northern Chile
- Related concepts
- Pachamama, pacha, ayni (reciprocity), corpachada, ch'alla, mutual rearing, cosmopraxis, coca leaf offerings, August cycle
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern based on an evolutionary hypothesis
The Paleo Diet is a modern eating pattern based on foods thought to resemble those of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Paleolithic diet, Palaeolithic diet, Paleo, Caveman diet, Stone Age diet, Paleolithic nutrition, Ancestral diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Evolutionary discordance hypothesis, Hunter-gatherer diets, Food-group exclusion
Reference record available.
ModalityDivinatory hand reading
Palmistry is the practice of interpreting the lines and shapes of the hands to describe character or foretell events.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Chiromancy, Cheiromancy, Palm reading, Hand reading, Chirology, Hasta-sāmudrika-śāstra
- Tradition
- Western chiromancy, South Asian Sāmudrikaśāstra, Chinese physiognomy (xiangshu)
- Related concepts
- Heart line, Head line, Life line, Palm lines, Astrological correspondences, Dermatoglyphics (separate field), Barnum effect
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic program of cleansing procedures (shodhana) with preparatory and post-treatment phases
Panchakarma is an Ayurvedic program of five cleansing procedures, preceded by oil-based preparatory steps.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pancha Karma, Pañcakarma, Panchashodhana
- Tradition
- Ayurveda, Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Dosha, Agni, Ama
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of child-rearing philosophies, practices and parent-support programs
Parenting approaches are named philosophies and programs for how adults feed, soothe, put to sleep and guide children.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Parenting styles and philosophies, Child-rearing approaches, Parenting methods, Parenting philosophies
- Tradition
- Attachment theory, Baumrind parenting-style typology
- Related concepts
- Responsiveness and demandingness, Authoritative parenting, Attachment security, Strange Situation Procedure, Social learning theory parenting programs, Skin-to-skin contact, Graduated extinction, Bedtime fading, Corporal punishment, Complementary feeding, Non-coercive guidance
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based psychotherapeutic approach working with inner parts or ego states
Parts therapy hypnosis is a hypnotherapy approach that addresses aspects of the personality as inner parts during trance.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Parts therapy, Hypnotic parts therapy
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Psychoanalysis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based guided recall of supposed previous lives
Past life regression is a practice in which hypnosis is used to elicit scenes presented as memories of previous lives.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Past-life regression, Past life therapy, Past life regression therapy, PLR
- Tradition
- Indian rebirth traditions (saṃsāra), Theosophy, Twentieth-century hypnotic regression
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic regression, Hypnotisability, Suggestion, False memory, Cryptomnesia, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Karma, Previous personality
Reference record available.
ModalityPhysical therapy and exercise-based rehabilitation
Pelvic floor therapy is a group of exercise and manual approaches used to assess and train pelvic floor muscles.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pelvic floor physiotherapy, Pelvic health physical therapy, Pelvic floor rehabilitation
- Tradition
- Physical therapy, Physiotherapy, Urogynecology
- Related concepts
- Pelvic floor muscle training, Urinary incontinence, Pelvic organ prolapse, Biofeedback, Myofascial pelvic pain, Postpartum recovery
Reference record available.
ModalityPendulum-based divination and energy assessment
Pendulum healing is the use of a hand-held suspended weight to seek yes or no answers about health and wellbeing.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pendulum dowsing, Medical radiesthesia
- Tradition
- French and Swiss radiesthesia (early twentieth century), British dowsing societies, Chakra-based energy assessment, Ideomotor signalling in hypnoanalysis
- Related concepts
- Ideomotor action, Chevreul pendulum illusion, Yes and no calibration, Radiesthetic diagnosis, Chakra charts, Geopathic stress, Authorship misattribution, Implicit knowledge
Reference record available.
ModalityWellness and anti-aging use of unapproved synthetic peptides
Peptide therapy is the wellness or anti-aging use of unapproved short synthetic peptides, often given by injection.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Injectable peptides
- Tradition
- Anti-aging and longevity clinics, Sports recovery and physique culture, Online self-administration (biohacking)
- Related concepts
- BPC-157 (body protection compound-157), Thymosin beta-4, TB-500, Growth hormone secretagogues, Ipamorelin, CJC-1295 (with and without DAC), GHRH analogues, GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide), GH-IGF-1 axis, Research compounds, Peptide stacking, WADA Prohibited List S0 and S2
Reference record available.
ModalityIndigenous sacramental plant ceremonies (peyote cactus)
Peyote and the Native American Church covers sacramental use of the peyote cactus by Indigenous peoples of North America.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Peyotism, Peyote religion, Peyote way, Native American Church of North America, Hikuri (Wixárika), Jíkuri (Rarámuri)
- Tradition
- Native American Church, Half Moon (Tipi) way, Big Moon (Cross Fire) way, Wixárika (Huichol) peyote pilgrimage, Rarámuri (Tarahumara) jícuri ceremonies, Navajo (Diné) peyote meetings
- Related concepts
- Peyote (Lophophora williamsii), Mescaline, Roadman, Sacrament, Hikuri, Wirikuta, Peyote gardens, Indigenous stewardship, Cultural appropriation
Reference record available.
ModalityLight-based physical-agent therapy using low-power lasers or LEDs
Photobiomodulation is the application of red or near-infrared light to body tissue, using lasers or LEDs, at low power.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Low-level laser therapy, LLLT, Low-level light therapy, Photobiomodulation therapy, PBM, Red light therapy, Laser biostimulation, Cold laser
- Tradition
- Biomedical laser and light therapy, Supportive oncology care, Physical therapy and dermatology, Consumer wellness devices
- Related concepts
- Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), Red and near-infrared light, Cytochrome c oxidase, Biphasic dose response, Energy density (J/cm2), Power density (mW/cm2), Non-thermal light, Oral mucositis prevention, World Association for Photobiomodulation Therapy (WALT), Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Reference record available.
ModalityAllied health profession and rehabilitation approach
Physical therapy is a health profession in which therapists assess and treat problems of movement and function.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Physiotherapy, Physio
- Tradition
- Physiotherapy profession (United Kingdom), Physical therapy profession (United States), Medical gymnastics and mechanotherapy (Europe)
- Related concepts
- Therapeutic exercise, Manual therapy, Rehabilitation, Movement and function, Electrotherapy and physical agents, Self-management and education, Clinical examination and reassessment
Reference record available.
ModalityCharacter reading from facial and bodily features, historical and computational
Physiognomy is the practice of inferring a person's character or traits from the form and features of the face and body.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Physiognomics, Western physiognomy
- Tradition
- Greek and Roman physiognomy, Arabic firasa literature, European Renaissance and Enlightenment physiognomy, Phrenology and criminal anthropology (related offshoots)
- Related concepts
- Physiognomonica attributed to Aristotle, Polemon's Physiognomy, Lavater's Physiognomische Fragmente, First impressions of faces, Facial width-to-height ratio, Criminality from face, Facial analysis accuracy disparities, Phrenology, Born criminal
Reference record available.
ModalityMind-body exercise system using mat and apparatus work
Pilates is a system of mat and apparatus exercise developed by Joseph Pilates and taught in studios and clinics.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Contrology, Pilates method, Pilates exercise
- Tradition
- Contrology (Joseph Pilates, United States, 20th century), Classical and contemporary Pilates teaching lineages, Clinical and rehabilitation exercise
- Related concepts
- Contrology, Mat work, Reformer and other apparatus, Controlled movement, Breathing coordination, Core and trunk stability, Minimal intervention comparator, Teacher certification
Reference record available.
ModalityAcupuncture-linked methods using planetary, astrological or calendrical correspondences
Planetary acupuncture is a loosely used term for acupuncture or tuning-fork methods tied to planets or astrology.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Astro-acupuncture, Astrological acupuncture, Planetary tuning-fork acupuncture, Chronoacupuncture
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese astrology and calendrical cosmology, Acutonics (planetary tuning forks)
- Related concepts
- Five planets and five phases, Celestial stems and terrestrial branches, Midnight-noon ebb-flow (Ziwu liuzhu), Eight Methods of the Sacred Turtle (Linggui bafa), Chronoacupuncture, Nine Palaces, Planetary tuning forks, Astral-terrestrial correspondences
Reference record available.
ModalityUmbrella term for plant-based healing practices and plant-derived medicines
Plant medicine is an umbrella term for herbal medicine, ceremonial use of psychoactive plants and plant-derived drugs.
HolisticAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Plant medicines, Botanical medicine, Phytomedicine, Phytotherapy
- Tradition
- Herbal systems of Japan, Indonesia, the Himalaya, India and China, Amazonian ceremonial plant traditions, Andean San Pedro tradition (northern Peru), Mazatec mushroom tradition (Oaxaca, Mexico), Bwiti (Gabon), Native American Church (peyote)
- Related concepts
- Ethnobotany, Herb-drug interaction, Herb-induced liver injury, Natural product drug discovery, Cultural appropriation, Free, prior and informed consent, Benefit-sharing, Psychedelic-assisted therapy
Reference record available.
ModalitySpiritual healing practice working with plant spirits
Plant Spirit Medicine is a modern spiritual healing practice in which healers call on the spirits of plants.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Eliot Cowan lineage, Wixárika (Huichol) teachings, as proponents state, Chinese Five Element theory, as proponents state, Contemporary Western shamanism
- Related concepts
- Plant spirits, Five Elements, Spiritual healing, Balance and harmony, Plant allies
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach and umbrella term for plant-centered eating patterns
A plant-based diet is an umbrella term for eating patterns that center on foods from plants.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Plant-based diets, Plant-based nutrition, Plant-based eating, Plant-forward diet, Whole food plant-based diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Healthful plant-based diet index, Unhealthful plant-based diet index, Whole food plant-based diet, Appropriately planned diet, Dietary pattern research
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy approach using play and creative materials, mainly with children
Play therapy is a psychological intervention in which a trained therapist uses play as the child's main means of expression.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Psychoanalytic child analysis, Person-centered (humanistic) psychology, Cognitive-behavioral approaches, Filial therapy
- Related concepts
- Child-centered play therapy, Directive play therapy, Therapeutic relationship, Symbolic play, Parent involvement, Therapeutic play in hospitals
Reference record available.
ModalityCreative arts and expressive writing approach using poems and literature
Poetry therapy is the intentional use of poems and other literary forms, with a trained facilitator, for personal growth.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Poetry/bibliotherapy, Biblio/poetry therapy, Applied poetry facilitation
- Tradition
- Humanistic psychology
- Related concepts
- Bibliotherapy, Metaphor, Interactive process, Reminiscence and life review, Expressive writing
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional Central African divination (oracle consultation)
A divination practice of the Azande of Central Africa in which a chicken's reaction to a poison answers a question.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Benge oracle, Azande poison oracle, Zande poison oracle, Zande benge oracle, Chicken poison oracle
- Tradition
- Azande traditional religion
- Related concepts
- Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy-based bodywork, nutrition and counseling system
Polarity therapy is a system of touch, movement, nutrition and counseling based on Randolph Stone's energy model.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Polarity, Stone's Polarity Therapy
- Tradition
- Ayurveda (as drawn on by Randolph Stone), Osteopathy, Naturopathy, Chiropractic, Biofield therapies
- Related concepts
- Energy flow, Positive and negative poles, Wireless anatomy, Five-element balancing, Bodywork, Nutrition guidance, Stretching and exercise, Counseling and self-awareness, Biofield
Reference record available.
ModalityTheory-informed psychotherapy and somatic regulation framework
Polyvagal-informed therapy is a group of approaches that use Polyvagal Theory to explain and work with nervous system states.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Polyvagal-informed approach, Polyvagal theory-based therapy
- Tradition
- Polyvagal Theory
- Related concepts
- Neuroception, Ventral vagal complex, Social engagement system, Co-regulation, Autonomic state, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Heart rate variability
Reference record available.
ModalityParenting approach and parent-education program family
Positive parenting is a term for child-rearing approaches built on warmth, clear expectations and non-punitive guidance.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Positive parenting approach
- Tradition
- Adlerian psychology
- Related concepts
- Kind and firm discipline, Belonging and significance, Social learning model, Encouragement
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional postpartum rest and recovery customs
Traditional rest and recovery customs observed for a set period after childbirth in many cultures.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Postpartum confinement, Doing the month, Doing-the-month, Zuo yuezi, La cuarentena, Sanhujori, Pantang larang, Postpartum rituals
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese, Korean, Mexican, Malay
- Related concepts
- Hot and cold balance, Postpartum rest, Dietary restrictions, Social support
Reference record available.
ModalityVigorous Ashtanga-influenced vinyasa yoga exercise class
Power Yoga is a vigorous, fitness-oriented style of vinyasa yoga that emerged in the United States in the 1990s.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityYogic breath-regulation practices
Pranayama is the yogic practice of regulating the breath through controlled inhalation, exhalation and retention.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Prāṇāyāma, Yogic breathing, Yoga breathing, Yogic breath regulation
- Tradition
- Yoga, Yoga traditions, Patañjali's Yogasūtra, Haṭhapradīpikā
- Related concepts
- Prāṇa, Āyāma, Kumbhaka (breath retention), Pūraka (inhalation), Recaka (exhalation), Nāḍī śodhana, Kapālabhāti, Bhastrikā, Ujjāyī, Bhrāmarī, Śītalī, Slow breathing
Reference record available.
ModalityNon-touch energy healing system with a spiritual curriculum
Pranic Healing is a modern energy healing system, taught in graded courses, that works with prana and the chakras.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Modern Pranic Healing, MCKS Pranic Healing, Pranic Energy Healing
- Tradition
- Theosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Qi, Vitalism, Karma, Soul, Spirituality, Spiritual Growth, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityReligious and spiritual devotional practice
Prayer is a devotional act of communication with God, a deity or the sacred, practiced in many religious traditions.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Petitionary prayer, Intercessory prayer, Distant prayer, Salat, Du'a, Tefillah
- Tradition
- Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
- Related concepts
- Petitionary prayer, Intercessory prayer, Distant prayer, Religious coping, Salat, Du'a, Tefillah, Japa, Dedication of merit
Reference record available.
ModalityRoutine maternity and pregnancy care
Prenatal care is routine medical and support care received during pregnancy through scheduled visits.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Antenatal care, Routine antenatal care
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Antenatal visit schedule, Routine screening tests in pregnancy, Booking appointment, Reduced-visit care models, Tailored prenatal care
Reference record available.
ModalityMassage adapted for pregnancy
Prenatal massage is massage therapy adapted for the body and positioning needs of a person who is pregnant.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pregnancy massage, Antenatal massage, Prenatal massage therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Side-lying positioning, Prenatal depression and anxiety, Pregnancy-related back and pelvic pain, Labor pain, Deep vein thrombosis
Reference record available.
ModalityAdapted yoga for pregnancy (exercise and mind-body class)
Prenatal yoga is yoga adapted for pregnancy, with modified postures, breathing and relaxation.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Pregnancy yoga, Antenatal yoga, Yoga for pregnancy
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityLive-microorganism products used as foods or dietary supplements
Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as certain bacteria and yeasts, taken in amounts meant to benefit the host.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Probiotic, Probiotic supplements
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Gut microbiome, Strain specificity, Dysbiosis, Fermented foods, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Reference record available.
ModalityInjection-based therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain
Prolotherapy is the repeated injection of an irritant solution, often dextrose, into painful ligaments, tendons or joints.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Proliferative therapy, Proliferation therapy, Regenerative injection therapy, Dextrose prolotherapy, Hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy, Sclerotherapy (historical use)
- Tradition
- Hackett-style prolotherapy (United States, 1950s), Orthopedic and musculoskeletal medicine, Sports and rehabilitation medicine, Integrative medicine
- Related concepts
- Irritant or sclerosing solutions, Hypertonic dextrose, Phenol-glycerine-glucose (P2G), Sodium morrhuate, Ligament and tendon insertions (entheses), Ligament laxity, Intra-articular and extra-articular injection, Perineural injection therapy, Ultrasound guidance, Post-injection pain flare
Reference record available.
ModalityCeremonial ingestion of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in guided settings
Psilocybin mushroom ceremonies are guided rituals in which psilocybin-containing mushrooms are ingested, documented in Mexico.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sacred mushroom ceremonies, Mushroom veladas, Teonanácatl ceremonies, Magic mushroom ceremonies
- Tradition
- Mazatec (Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca), Nahua, Zapotec, Mixe, Chatino, Matlazinca, Totonac, Contemporary retreat settings
- Related concepts
- Velada, Chjota chine (people of knowledge), Teonanácatl, Child saints, Curandero, Set and setting, Communitas, Psilocybin-assisted therapy
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded belief-change method using muscle testing and set postures
PSYCH-K is a trademarked belief-change method that uses muscle testing and set postures, taught by its originator's organisation.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- PER-K
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Subconscious beliefs, Balance (PSYCH-K term), Whole-brain state, Muscle testing, Self-limiting beliefs
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapeutic and peer support after psychedelic experiences
Psychedelic integration therapy is professional or peer support after a psychedelic experience, aimed at processing it.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Psychedelic integration
- Tradition
- Psychotherapy, Psychedelic-assisted therapy research, Psychedelic harm reduction services
- Related concepts
- Preparation, dosing session and integration phases, Processing an experience and carrying meaning into daily life, Harm reduction, Post-experience suggestibility, Informed consent and professional boundaries, Adverse psychedelic reactions, Integration groups
Reference record available.
ModalityDivinatory and mediumistic consultation
A paid consultation in which a person who claims psychic ability gives impressions about a client's life.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Psychic consultation, Clairvoyant reading, Intuitive reading
- Tradition
- Modern Spiritualism, Psychical research, Commercial fortune-telling
- Related concepts
- Extrasensory perception, Clairvoyance, Mediumship, Anomalous information reception, Cold reading, Barnum effect
Reference record available.
ModalityAction-based experiential group psychotherapy
Psychodrama is a form of psychotherapy in which people act out personal and interpersonal situations in a group.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Morenian psychodrama, Classic psychodrama, Psychodrama psychotherapy, Psychodrama group therapy
- Tradition
- Morenian psychodrama, Group psychotherapy, Sociometry and sociodrama
- Related concepts
- Protagonist, Director, Auxiliary ego, Warm-up, action and sharing, Role reversal, Doubling, Mirroring, Spontaneity and creativity, Surplus reality, Social atom
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of talk-based psychological treatments
Psychotherapy is a family of talk-based psychological treatments delivered by trained practitioners.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Talking therapy, Talk therapy, Psychological therapy, Psychological therapies
- Tradition
- Psychoanalytic, Behavioral and cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Systemic and family, Integrative, Expressive arts, Body-oriented
- Related concepts
- Therapeutic alliance, Common factors, Transference, Unconscious processes, Free association, Cognitive restructuring, Behavioral activation, Psychological flexibility, Systemic patterns, Empathy and unconditional positive regard, Negative effects of therapy, Supervised clinical practice
Reference record available.
ModalityDevice-based electromagnetic field therapy
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy applies time-varying magnetic fields from coil devices to body tissue.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- PEMF therapy, PEMF, Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation, Magnetotherapy
- Tradition
- Orthopedic bone-growth stimulation, Physical medicine and rehabilitation
- Related concepts
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields, Inductive coil devices, Physical agent modalities, Bone growth stimulation
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese breath, movement and attention practices
Qigong is a set of Chinese practices that combine slow movement, breath control and focused attention.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Chi kung, Qi gong, Chi gong
- Tradition
- Daoyin (guiding and pulling) exercise, Qigong therapy (1950s China), Medical qigong, Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, Yijinjing, Liuzijue
- Related concepts
- Qi, Regulation of mind, breath and body, Daoyin, External qigong therapy, Qigong deviation, Qigong-precipitated psychosis
Reference record available.
ModalityMind-body and energy-based healing practices using quantum vocabulary
Quantum healing is a label for mind-body and energy-based practices that draw on the vocabulary of quantum physics.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Ayurveda-influenced mind-body medicine, New Age and holistic health, Biofield and energy healing
- Related concepts
- Quantum healing (Chopra, 1989), Quantum medicine, Quantum biology, Biofield, Subtle energy, Nonlocality and entanglement as invoked metaphors, Consciousness and observation as invoked in healing, Mind-body medicine, Focused intention, Critiques of quantum mysticism
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki lineage: Western-developed system based on Usui Reiki
Rainbow Reiki is a Reiki system developed in Germany by Walter Lübeck that adds its own techniques to Usui-based training.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rainbow Reiki®
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Reiju, Attunement, Shoden, okuden and shinpiden, Distance treatment, Lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki lineage with added Tibetan-attributed elements
Raku Kei is a Reiki lineage associated with Iris Ishikuro and Arthur Robertson that adds Tibetan-attributed elements.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Raku Kei Reiki, The Way of the Dragon
- Tradition
- Reiki, Usui Reiki (Takata lineage), Usui/Tibetan Reiki, Tibetan Reiki (generic term)
- Related concepts
- Attunement, Raku symbol, Violet Breath, Okuden symbols, Reiki lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded hypnotherapy-based talking and suggestion method
Rapid Transformational Therapy is a branded hypnotherapy-based method created by Marisa Peer and taught through her school.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- RTT, Rapid Transformational Therapy (RTT), Marisa Peer method
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic pharmaceutics of herbo-mineral and herbo-metallic preparations
Rasa Shastra is the branch of Ayurveda concerned with preparing medicines from mercury, other metals and minerals.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rasashastra, Rasaśāstra, Ayurvedic alchemy, Herbo-mineral medicine, Herbo-metallic medicine
- Tradition
- Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Bhasma, Shodhana, Marana, Dehavada, Lohavada, Herbo-mineral formulations
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic rejuvenation and geriatric care branch
Rasayana therapy is the Ayurvedic branch of rejuvenation and geriatric care, using herbs, foods, conduct and routines.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rasayana, Rasayana chikitsa, Ayurvedic rejuvenation therapy, Rasayana tantra
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Ojas, Dosha, Dhatu, Agni, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Naimittika Rasayana
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach: uncooked plant-food diets
The raw food diet is an eating pattern built mainly on uncooked, unprocessed plant foods, sometimes called living foods.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Raw foodism, Raw veganism, Raw vegan diet, Raw vegetarian diet, Living foods diet, Live food diet, Raw diet
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Uncooked food, Living foods, Wheatgrass, Sprouted seeds, Detoxification (practitioner term)
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded hands-off biofield practice
Reconnective Healing is a branded hands-off energy practice founded by the chiropractor Eric Pearl in the early 1990s.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- The Reconnection, RH
- Tradition
- Contemporary biofield and energy healing practices, Chiropractic-origin branded method (Eric Pearl)
- Related concepts
- Reconnective frequencies, Energy, light and information, Biofield, Axiatonal lines, Entrainment, Hands-off practice
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy using pressure on mapped reflex areas
Reflexology is a manual practice that applies pressure to mapped points on the feet, hands or ears.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Foot reflexology, Hand reflexology, Reflex zone therapy, Reflexotherapy
- Tradition
- Zone therapy (United States, 1910s), Ingham method of foot reflexology (United States, 1930s), Rwo Shur method
- Related concepts
- Reflex areas, Foot and hand reflex maps, Ten longitudinal zones, Waistline reference line, Reflex points, Complementary therapy
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based guided return to earlier life events
Regression therapy is a practice using hypnosis to guide a person back to childhood or earlier life events in imagination.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Age regression therapy, Hypnotic age regression, Age regression hypnosis
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Mesmerism and Braid, Psychoanalysis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of hands-on and non-contact energy healing practices
Reiki is a family of practices in which a practitioner uses touch or hand placement near the body to direct energy.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Reiki therapy
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage), Jikiden Reiki, Gendai Reiki Hō, Reiki Jin Kei Do, Rainbow Reiki, The Radiance Technique
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Universal life energy, Reiju, Attunement, Shoden, okuden and shinpiden, Five precepts (gokai), Distance treatment, Self-treatment, Lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki lineage with Buddhist-style meditation training
Reiki Jin Kei Do is a Western-era Reiki lineage that pairs Reiki training with Buddhist-style meditation.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Reiki Jin-Kei Do, Jin Kei Do, Reiki Jin-Kei-Do, Eastern lineage of Reiki
- Tradition
- Buddhism, Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Attunement, Lineage, Self-treatment, Distance treatment, Awareness, Spirituality, Spiritual Growth
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki style: hand-placement energy practice with added metaphysical teachings
Reiki Plus is a style of Reiki founded by David Jarrell that adds metaphysical teachings to Usui Shiki Ryoho.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Reiki Plus Institute system, Jarrell Reiki Plus
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Universal life energy, Attunement, Distance treatment, Lineage, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of practices that elicit a calmer physiological state
Relaxation techniques are practices, such as progressive muscle relaxation, that aim to produce a calmer physical state.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Relaxation therapy, Relaxation training, Relaxation response techniques
- Tradition
- Behavioral medicine, Clinical psychology, Psychophysiology
- Related concepts
- Relaxation response, Progressive muscle relaxation, Autogenic training, Applied relaxation, Diaphragmatic breathing, Biofeedback-assisted relaxation, Guided imagery, Self-suggestion, Relaxation-induced anxiety
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue therapy (massage)
Remedial massage is assessment-led, hands-on soft-tissue therapy aimed at a specific muscle or joint complaint.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Remedial massage therapy
- Tradition
- Western massage therapy, Australian and New Zealand remedial massage training and professional associations
- Related concepts
- Remedial massage, Relaxation massage, Wellness massage, Structural massage, Musculoskeletal assessment, Soft-tissue manipulation, Treatment plan, Scope of practice, Referral, Contraindications
Reference record available.
ModalityParts-based psychotherapy developed from ego state therapy
Resource Therapy is a parts-based psychotherapy that Gordon Emmerson developed from ego state therapy.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- RT, Ressourcen-Therapie
- Tradition
- Ego state therapy, Clinical hypnosis, Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Resource states, Normal states, Vaded states, Retro states, Conflicted states, Dissonant states, Conscious state, Sensory experience memory
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy healing touch practice
Restorative Reiki is a Reiki-family practice in which a practitioner places the hands lightly on or just above the body.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki, associated with Mikao Usui in Japan in the early twentieth century, Western Reiki lineage through Hawayo Takata
- Related concepts
- Life energy (rei and ki), Hands-on or hands-off touch, Reiki family of related approaches
Reference record available.
ModalityYoga style: supported, passive, prop-based practice
Restorative yoga is a passive yoga style in which props support the body in a few poses held for several minutes.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityAnthroposophic manual therapy (massage)
Rhythmical massage is a manual therapy from anthroposophic medicine, developed in the 1920s by Ita Wegman.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rhythmical Massage Therapy, Rhythmical massage according to Ita Wegman, RMT
- Tradition
- Anthroposophic medicine, Anthroposophy, Swedish massage
- Related concepts
- Rhythmic system, Autonomic self-regulation, Warmth distribution, Therapeutic rest
Reference record available.
ModalityRespectful infant care and parenting approach
RIE parenting is an infant-care approach founded by Magda Gerber, built on respect for the baby and Emmi Pikler's work.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Educaring, Educaring approach, RIE approach, Resources for Infant Educarers, RIE method
- Tradition
- Pikler-Lóczy approach
- Related concepts
- Basic trust, Respectful care routines, Free movement, Uninterrupted play, Sensitive observation, Authentic child
Reference record available.
ModalityManual soft-tissue and movement education series
Rolfing is a trademarked form of structural integration, a series of hands-on sessions founded by Ida Rolf.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Rolf Method of Structural Integration, Rolfing Structural Integration, Ten Series
- Tradition
- Structural integration (lineage of Ida P. Rolf, United States, 20th century)
- Related concepts
- Ten Series, Fascia, Gravity and vertical alignment, Myofascial chains, Soft-tissue manipulation, Movement education, Rolf Movement, Structural integration lineages
Reference record available.
ModalityIndigenous Māori traditional healing system
Rongoā Māori refers to Māori healing practice in Aotearoa New Zealand, spanning plant remedies, bodywork and spiritual care.
HolisticAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Māori traditional healing, Traditional Māori healing, Māori medicine, Māori healing, Rongoā, Rongoa Maori
- Tradition
- Māori (Aotearoa New Zealand), Te ao Māori, Mātauranga Māori
- Related concepts
- Rongoā rākau (plant remedies), Mirimiri and romiromi (bodywork), Wairua (spiritual dimension), Te Whare Tapa Whā, Mauri (life force), Whakapapa (genealogy), Whenua (land), Tikanga (customs), Kaitiakitanga (guardianship), Tohunga and kairongoā (practitioners), Whānau (family)
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination using rune symbols
Rune reading is a modern divination practice in which rune symbols are cast or drawn and interpreted.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Runecasting, Rune casting, Runic divination
- Tradition
- Modern Heathen and Germanic neopagan practice, New Age divination, Armanen runic esotericism (Guido von List)
- Related concepts
- Elder Futhark, Runecasting, Runic guidebooks, Armanen runes, Blank rune, Rune stones, Runology
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki-family energy practice (light touch or distant)
Saku Reiki is a named Reiki-family practice whose founder, lineage and methods are not documented in the sources reviewed.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reiki (Usui system), Japan, early twentieth century
- Related concepts
- Light touch on or above the body, Practitioner as a channel for energy, Training levels in the Usui system, Subtle energy framing without verified physical mechanism
Reference record available.
ModalityInhaled dry salt aerosol and salt-environment climate therapy
Salt therapy is the inhalation of fine dry sodium chloride aerosol in a controlled room or underground setting.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Halotherapy, Salt room therapy, Dry salt therapy, Salt cave therapy, Speleotherapy
- Tradition
- Speleotherapy in Central and Eastern European salt mines and caves, Russian halochamber medicine
- Related concepts
- Halotherapy, Speleotherapy, Halochamber, Halogenerator, Dry sodium chloride aerosol, Mucociliary clearance, Hypertonic saline
Reference record available.
ModalityIndian divinatory reading of bodily marks
Samudrika Shastra is the Indian tradition of reading marks and features of the body to describe character and fortune.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Samudrik Shastra, Sāmudrika-śāstra, Sāmudrikaśāstra, Samudrika, Indian physiognomy
- Tradition
- Brahmanical jyotiḥśāstra (divination literature), Buddhist mahāpuruṣa-lakṣaṇa tradition, Jain lists of birthmarks of a Tirthankara, Regional practice in Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu
- Related concepts
- Lakṣaṇa (bodily marks), Mahāpuruṣa (great person), Cakravartin (universal monarch), Tila (moles), Hasta-sāmudrika (palm reading), Karma and past deeds, Planetary correspondences, Physiognomy belief
Reference record available.
ModalityCeremonial use of mescaline-containing columnar cacti
A mescaline-containing Andean columnar cactus used in healing and spiritual ceremonies, and the ceremonies themselves.
AlternativeMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Huachuma, Wachuma, San Pedro cactus, Aguacolla, San Pedrillo, Cimora
- Tradition
- Northern Peruvian curanderismo (mesa tradition), Saraguro yachakkuna healing (southern Ecuador), Contemporary ceremonial retreats outside the Andes
- Related concepts
- Mesa, Mescaline, Curandero, Yachak, Limpia, Soplada, Huachuma ceremony, Echinopsis pachanoi, Trichocereus
Reference record available.
ModalityAmazonian plant-derived eye drops used in Indigenous and ceremonial settings
Sananga is an Amazonian eye preparation made from Tabernaemontana root or bark, used in Indigenous traditions.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Colírio da floresta, Forest eye drops, Shane tsamaite
- Tradition
- Huni Kuĩ (Kaxinawá), Yawanawá, Shawanawa, Katukina, Aguaruna, Kichwa peoples of Ecuador and Peru, Forest medicine (medicina da floresta)
- Related concepts
- Panema, Hunting vision (waimatai), Forest medicine, Indole alkaloids, Ocular application, Indigenous science, Biopiracy and knowledge protection
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapeutic play method using sand and miniatures
Sandplay is a psychotherapeutic method in which a person builds scenes in a tray of sand using miniature figures.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sandplay therapy, Kalffian sandplay, Jungian sandplay
- Tradition
- Jungian analytical psychology, Dora Kalff's sandplay tradition, Margaret Lowenfeld's World Technique, Child psychotherapy and play therapy
- Related concepts
- Free and protected space, Delayed interpretation, Nonverbal expression, Symbols and images, Sand tray and miniatures, Therapeutic relationship
Reference record available.
ModalitySouthern African ancestral-calling diviner and healer tradition
Sangoma is a Southern African tradition in which called and trained diviner-healers consult ancestors.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Isangoma, Izangoma, Igqirha, Ubungoma
- Tradition
- Zulu (amaZulu), Xhosa (amaXhosa), Other Nguni-speaking peoples, Southern African traditional health practitioners
- Related concepts
- Amadlozi (ancestors), Ukuthwasa (apprenticeship), Ubungoma, Ancestral calling, Divination, Muti (herbal remedies), Inyanga (herbalist), Umthandazi (faith healer), Collaboration with biomedical services
Reference record available.
ModalityAfro-Cuban initiatory religion with divination and ritual healing roles
Santería is an Afro-Cuban religion, also called Regla de Ocha or Lucumí, that honors Yoruba-derived orishas.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Regla de Ocha, Lucumí, Lukumí, Regla Lucumí, Regla de Ocha-Ifá, Religión Lucumí
- Tradition
- Lucumí, Regla de Ocha, Regla de Ocha-Ifá, Yoruba-derived religion, Cuban Catholicism, Espiritismo
- Related concepts
- Orishas, Aché, Babalawo, Santero and santera, Oriaté, Ilé (ritual house), Cabildo de nación, Diloggún, Obi, Omiero, Egún (ancestors), Botánica, Syncretism debate
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese Reiki lineage: hand-placement energy practice
Satya Japanese Reiki is a hand-placement energy practice in the Reiki family, taught under a Japanese Reiki label.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- None recorded
- Tradition
- Reiki family, Japanese Reiki (label used by several lineages)
- Related concepts
- Hand placement, Energy field (a belief, not shown by research), Japanese Reiki label, Reiki Therapy of Mikao Usui
Reference record available.
ModalityHandheld pulsed electrical skin stimulation device therapy
SCENAR is a handheld device that sends pulsed low-frequency electrical signals through the skin, developed in Taganrog, Russia.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- SCENAR, SCENAR-therapy, Self-Controlled Energo-Neuro-Adaptive Regulator, Neuro-adaptive therapy, Neuro-adaptive electrostimulation
- Tradition
- Soviet and Russian physiotherapy, Reflexotherapy
- Related concepts
- Pulsed low-frequency current, Skin impedance, Biofeedback (as described by manufacturers), Dynamic electroneurostimulation (DENS), Sham control, TENS (context only)
Reference record available.
ModalityMineral-salt remedy system derived from homeopathic pharmacy
A remedy system of twelve mineral salts, devised by a German physician in the 1870s from homeopathic methods.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Biochemic tissue salts, Biochemic cell salts, Schüssler salts, Schüßler salts, Biochemic therapy, Biochemie nach Dr. Schüßler, Twelve tissue salts
- Tradition
- German homeopathy (19th century), Biochemic therapy
- Related concepts
- Twelve mineral salts, Cellular mineral balance, Potentized preparations, Inorganic constituents of tissue, Abbreviated therapy
Reference record available.
ModalityGazing-based divination (reflective or translucent surfaces)
Scrying is the practice of gazing at a reflective or translucent surface in order to see visions.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Crystal gazing, Crystal vision, Crystallomancy, Catoptromancy, Hydromancy, Mirror gazing divination
- Tradition
- Western esotericism, Spiritualism
- Related concepts
- Intuition, Awareness, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityArt therapy medium: three-dimensional sculptural work within psychotherapy
Sculpture therapy is a label for using three-dimensional modeling and construction within art therapy sessions.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sculpting in art therapy, Clay sculpture therapy, Three-dimensional art therapy
- Tradition
- Psychoanalysis
- Related concepts
- Art as therapy, Symbolization, Sublimation, Concretization
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy healing system with Egyptian themes
Seichim is an Egyptian-themed energy healing system, also spelled Sekhem, that is often taught alongside Reiki.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sekhem, Seichem, SKHM, SSR, Sekhem-Seichim-Reiki
- Tradition
- Western esotericism, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Universal life energy, Attunement, Lineage, Spirituality, Distance treatment
Reference record available.
ModalitySelf-directed hypnosis and autosuggestion practice, including audio-guided and app formats
Self-hypnosis is hypnosis that a person directs on themselves, with or without a recording or app.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Autohypnosis, Self-induced hypnosis
- Tradition
- Mesmerism and Braid, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-oriented (somatic) psychotherapy for trauma and attachment
Sensorimotor Psychotherapy is a body-oriented talk therapy for trauma that treats bodily experience as information.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, SP
- Tradition
- Hakomi-derived body psychotherapy, Trauma and attachment psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Safety and stabilization, Processing, Integration, Body awareness, Mindfulness, Bottom-up approaches
Reference record available.
ModalityOccupational therapy approach to sensory processing difficulties
Sensory integration is an occupational therapy approach that uses structured sensory and movement activities with children.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Ayres Sensory Integration, Sensory integration therapy, Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration, ASI
- Tradition
- Occupational therapy, Ayres Sensory Integration (University of Southern California, 1960s onward)
- Related concepts
- Sensory integration, Sensory processing, Sensory modulation, Just-right challenge, Goal Attainment Scaling, Fidelity measure, Sensory diet, Weighted vest, Sensory-based intervention
Reference record available.
ModalityDepth-psychology-derived reflective practice
Shadow work is a reflective practice, drawn from Jungian psychology, of examining disowned or unwanted parts of the self.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shadow integration, Jungian shadow work, Working with the shadow, Shadow self work
- Tradition
- Analytical psychology (C. G. Jung), Depth psychology, Contemporary self-help and personal development
- Related concepts
- Shadow, Personal unconscious, Projection, Individuation, Anima and animus, Integration of disowned material
Reference record available.
ModalitySpirit-centred healing and ritual practices led by practitioners in altered states
A group of spirit-centred healing practices in which practitioners work in altered states of consciousness.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shamanism, Shamanic practice
- Tradition
- Siberian Tungusic and Khanty shamanism, Nepali jhakri shamanism, Hmong shamanism, Core shamanism and neo-shamanism
- Related concepts
- Altered states of consciousness, Shamanic journeying, Drumming, Soul loss and soul retrieval, Spirit world, Spiritual and physical causes of illness, Core shamanism, Cultural appropriation
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese manual therapy using sustained finger, thumb and palm pressure
Shiatsu is a Japanese manual therapy in which a practitioner applies sustained finger, thumb and palm pressure.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shiatsu massage, Shiatsu therapy, Japanese finger-pressure therapy, Zen shiatsu (style), Namikoshi shiatsu (style)
- Tradition
- Japanese anma lineage, Namikoshi shiatsu, Zen shiatsu (Masunaga), Serizawa tsubo-focused style, Traditional Chinese medicine meridian theory
- Related concepts
- Finger pressure (shi-atsu), Sustained stationary pressure, Leaning body weight, Meridians, Ki (vital energy), Tsubo points, Whole-body session, Floor-level futon work, Transitional effects
Reference record available.
ModalityReligious ritual and shrine worship practices
Shinto rituals are the purification, offering, prayer and festival rites performed for kami at Japanese shrines.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shinto ceremonies, Shinto rites, Shrine rites, Kami worship rites
- Tradition
- Shinto, Association of Shinto Shrines (Jinja Honcho)
- Related concepts
- kami, harae, misogi, kegare, tsumi, norito, shinsen, naorai, matsuri, kagura, omamori, ofuda, hatsumode, shichi-go-san, kannushi, miko, temizu, kitō
Reference record available.
ModalityAyurvedic forehead liquid-pouring procedure
Shirodhara is an Ayurvedic procedure in which a continuous stream of liquid, often medicated oil, is poured over the forehead.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sirodhara, Shiro dhara, Shirodhar, Shiroseka, Shiroparisheka, Ayurvedic oil dripping, Forehead oil pouring
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Dosha, Vata, Mind-Body Connection, Relaxation response
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional Tamil medical system
Siddha medicine is a traditional Tamil medical system that uses plant, mineral and metal preparations and pulse-based assessment.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Siddha system of medicine, Tamil Siddha medicine
- Tradition
- Tamil medical tradition of Tamil Nadu, India, Siddhar tradition, Sri Lankan Tamil Siddha medicine, Indian systems of medicine (Ayush)
- Related concepts
- Siddhars, Vali (Vatham), Azhal (Pitham), Aiyam (Kabam), Udaliyal (body constitution), Sapthadhathu (seven body constituents), Enn vagai thervugal (eight-fold examination), Naadi (pulse), Varmam, Parpam and chenduram preparations, Palm-leaf manuscripts
Reference record available.
ModalityPostural yoga system with a five-point lifestyle framework
Sivananda Yoga is a yoga system of the Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres, built on five points and a 12-posture sequence.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sivananda Yoga Vedanta, Sivananda yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Spirituality, Mind-Body Connection, Karma, Reincarnation
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-oriented trauma psychotherapy method
Somatic Experiencing is a trauma-focused psychotherapy that directs attention to bodily sensations to work with stress responses.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- SE, SE therapy
- Tradition
- Body-oriented psychotherapy, Trauma-focused psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Titration, Pendulation, Resourcing, Discharge of autonomic arousal, Biological completion of defensive responses, Interoception, Proprioception, Bottom-up processing
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-oriented psychotherapy family
Somatic therapy is an umbrella term for psychotherapies that work with bodily sensation, movement and touch as well as talk.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Body psychotherapy, Body-oriented psychotherapy, Body-oriented therapy, Somatic psychotherapy, Body-centred psychotherapy
- Tradition
- Psychoanalytic body psychotherapy, Reichian and neo-Reichian schools, Bioenergetic Analysis, Hakomi, Humanistic and experiential psychotherapy, Trauma-focused body-oriented approaches
- Related concepts
- Bottom-up processing, Interoception, Proprioception, Resource orientation, Therapeutic touch and boundaries, Body awareness, Character defence and muscular tension
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination by drawn lots and by chance-opened books
Sortilege is divination by drawing or casting lots, and bibliomancy is divination by opening a book at random.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sortilege, Bibliomancy, Cleromancy, Sortes, Casting lots, Book divination, Sortes Vergilianae, Sortes Sanctorum, Fal
- Tradition
- Christianity, Islam, Western esotericism
- Related concepts
- Intuition, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityShamanic and neo-shamanic ritual for explained soul loss
Soul retrieval is a ritual in which a practitioner seeks to return a soul believed lost from a person.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Shamanic soul retrieval
- Tradition
- Siberian shamanism, Amazonian shamanism, Andean healing, Hmong shamanism, Core shamanism and neo-shamanism
- Related concepts
- Soul loss, Susto, Core shamanism, Dissociation, Cultural idioms of distress, Soul calling
Reference record available.
ModalityGroup sound listening session with resonant instruments
Sound Bath is a group session in which a facilitator plays bowls, gongs, chimes or voice while participants lie or sit.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sound bathing, Sound meditation, Sound healing session
- Tradition
- New Age spirituality, Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Attention, Awareness, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityInstrument-based listening and relaxation practice
Sound therapy is a wellbeing practice in which a practitioner plays singing bowls or gongs for listening and relaxation.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sound healing, Sound bath, Singing bowl therapy
- Tradition
- Contemporary Western sound-healing practice, Buddhist and Himalayan ritual instruments
- Related concepts
- Relaxation, Meditation, Vibration, Sound bath, Voluntary self-regulation
Reference record available.
ModalityRitual smoke and incense-burning practices for purification of places, objects or people
Space clearing is the burning of dried plants or resins so that the smoke purifies or protects a place, person or object.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Smudging, Space cleansing, Smoke cleansing, Energy clearing
- Tradition
- Indigenous North American smudging (varies by nation), Scottish Highland saining, South Asian havan and incense traditions, Christian liturgical incense, New Age and Neopagan smudge-stick use
- Related concepts
- Smudge sticks, Sacred medicines, Purification, Protection, Incense, Fumigation, Indoor air quality, White sage sustainability
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy preparation tradition derived from alchemy
Spagyric medicine is a group of herbal remedies made by alchemical steps of separating and recombining plant parts.
Alternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spagyrics, Spagyria, Spagyric art, Spagyric remedies
- Tradition
- Paracelsian medicine (16th century), Nineteenth-century spagyric pharmacy (Zimpel and Mattei), German-language homeopathic pharmacopoeia tradition
- Related concepts
- Separation (Scheidung), Tria prima (sulphur, mercury, salt), Extraction, calcination and recombination, Spagyric tincture, Homeopathic-spagyric remedy, Iatrochemistry (chemical medicine)
Reference record available.
ModalityAllied health profession for communication and swallowing disorders
Speech-language therapy is an allied health profession that assesses and treats communication and swallowing difficulties.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Speech and language therapy, Speech-language pathology, Speech therapy, Speech pathology
- Tradition
- Speech-language pathology, Speech and language therapy, Rehabilitation medicine
- Related concepts
- Aphasia, Developmental language disorder, Stuttering, Dysphagia, Evidence-based practice, Functional communication
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination and spirit-communication practice using a lettered board and pointer
A spirit board is a flat board printed with letters, numbers and words, used with a pointer to spell out answers.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Talking board, Ouija board, Spirit-communication board
- Tradition
- Spiritualism, Christianity
- Related concepts
- Spirituality, Ideomotor effect
Reference record available.
ModalityOne-to-one spiritual accompaniment and contemplative listening
Spiritual direction is a one-to-one relationship in which a trained person accompanies another's spiritual life.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spiritual companionship, Spiritual guidance
- Tradition
- Desert Fathers and Mothers (early Christian monasticism), Ignatian spirituality, Benedictine tradition, Celtic Christianity, Protestant pastoral guidance, Multi-faith spiritual companionship
- Related concepts
- Directee, Discernment, Deep listening, Covenant between director and directee, Supervision of directors, Distinction from psychotherapy
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of spiritual, prayer-based and energy-based healing practices
Spiritual healing is a family of practices in which healing is attributed to spiritual or non-physical agency.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spirit healing
- Tradition
- British Spiritualist healing, Religious and prayer-based healing, Biofield and energy healing
- Related concepts
- Attunement, Contact healing, Absent healing, Intercessory prayer, Biofield, Spirit guides
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based spiritual and past-life exploration
Spiritual regression hypnosis is the use of guided hypnosis to explore claimed memories of a spiritual state between lives.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Spiritual regression, Life between lives regression, Life Between Lives hypnotherapy, Between-lives regression, Inter-life regression
- Tradition
- Theosophy, New Age spirituality, Western esotericism, Clinical and academic hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Reincarnation, Karma, Soul, Spirituality, Hypnotic induction, Suggestion, Focused attention, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based mental skills training for athletes
Sports hypnosis is the use of hypnosis within sport psychology to support athletes' focus, confidence and imagery.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sport hypnosis, Hypnosis in sport, Alert sport hypnosis
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Mesmerism and Braid, Ericksonian hypnosis
- Related concepts
- Hypnotic induction, Hypnotizability, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention, Awareness, Mind-Body Connection
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy taken by mouth for low mood
St John's wort is a herbal extract of the plant Hypericum perforatum, taken by mouth as a supplement or medicine for low mood.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Saint John's wort, Hypericum perforatum, Hypericum extract, SJW
- Tradition
- European herbal medicine
- Related concepts
- Herb-drug interaction, Enzyme induction, Serotonin syndrome, Standardized extract, Photosensitivity
Reference record available.
ModalityCell-based medical procedures, from established transplantation to commercial injections
Stem cell therapy uses stem cells, or cells derived from them, to replace or repair damaged tissue.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Stem cell treatment, Stem cell therapies, Cell-based therapy, Stem cell transplantation, Regenerative cell therapy
- Tradition
- Hematology and transplant medicine, Regenerative medicine, Orthopedic biologics
- Related concepts
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Autologous and allogeneic cells, Mesenchymal stromal cells, Stromal vascular fraction, Umbilical cord and placental products, Exosomes, Graft-versus-host disease, Investigational versus unproven treatment, Stem cell tourism, Limbal stem cells
Reference record available.
ModalityIslamic mystical devotional and healing practices
Sufi healing is a label for healing practices linked to Sufi Islam, such as dhikr, shrine visits and order-led programmes.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sufi spiritual healing, Sufi healing practices, Sufi Healing Order healing teachings, Islamic Sufi healing
- Tradition
- Sufism (tasawwuf), Inayati lineage (Chishtiyya), Shadhiliyya, Sufi shrine practices in South Asia, Islamic-Sufi rehabilitation in Indonesia, Sufi psychology (Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi)
- Related concepts
- Dhikr (remembrance), Sama (listening), Muraqabah, Baraka, Shrine visitation (ziyara), Purification of the soul, Teacher and student relationship, Spiritual coping, Medical pluralism
Reference record available.
ModalitySufi ritual whirling and ceremony within the Mevlevi order
Sufi whirling (Sema) is a rotating ritual movement of the Mevlevi Sufi order, performed within a structured ceremony.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sema, Mevlevi Sema ceremony, Sufi whirling, Whirling dervishes
- Tradition
- Mevlevi (Mevleviye) Sufi order, Sufism within Islam, Anatolian and Ottoman Sufi traditions
- Related concepts
- Sema (samaʿ), Semazen, Semahane, Ayin, Mevlevihane, Whirling around the body axis, Soul awareness and loosening of the material self, Sufi-inspired mindful dance
Reference record available.
ModalityIndigenous ceremonial heat practice of many Nations
A ceremony of many Indigenous peoples of North America held in a heated, enclosed lodge under each Nation's own protocols.
HolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Sweat lodge, Inipi, Madoodiswan, Sweat ceremony, Temazcal (Mesoamerican parallel)
- Tradition
- Anishinaabe (Ojibway, Saulteaux), Lakota, Dakota and Nakota, Navajo (Diné), Mesoamerican Indigenous peoples (temazcal)
- Related concepts
- Purification, Ceremony, Indigenous cultural healing, Intergenerational trauma, Cultural appropriation, Heat illness
Reference record available.
ModalityWestern manual soft-tissue massage
Swedish massage is a style of Western massage using gliding, kneading and friction strokes on soft tissue.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Classical massage, Classic massage, Swedish massage therapy, Swedish massage system
- Tradition
- Swedish medical gymnastics, Dutch massage practice of the 19th century, Western therapeutic massage
- Related concepts
- Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Tapotement, Light-touch control, Relaxation response
Reference record available.
ModalityChinese martial art and slow movement practice
Tai Chi is a Chinese martial art practiced as slow, continuous sequences of movements coordinated with breathing.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Taijiquan, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Ji Quan, T'ai chi ch'uan
- Tradition
- Chinese martial arts, Chen style, Yang style, Wu (Hao) style, Wu style, Sun style, Daoist and Confucian thought (as described by UNESCO)
- Related concepts
- Taiji, Qi, Yin and yang, Push hands (tuishou), Five steps (wubu), Eight techniques (bafa), Form (set routine), Simplified 24-form, Taijiquan classics, Baishi apprenticeship ceremony
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy psychology: self-applied acupressure with a guided mental sequence
Tapas Acupressure Technique is a mind-body method that pairs held acupressure points with a guided mental sequence.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- TAT, TAT Tapas Acupressure Technique
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mind-Body Connection, Awareness, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityCard-based divination and reflection practice
Tarot reading is the use of a tarot pack, originally a 15th-century Italian card game, for divination or reflection.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tarot card reading, Tarot divination
- Tradition
- Italian trionfi card games, French and English occult writing from the 1780s, Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Contemporary counselling and self-reflection uses
- Related concepts
- Trump cards (Major Arcana), Spread, Cartomancy, Projective technique, Cold reading, Barnum effect, Self-reflection
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination by patterns left in a cup
Tasseography is a divination practice in which a reader interprets patterns left by tea leaves or coffee grounds in a cup.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tea leaf reading, Tea-cup reading, Coffee cup reading, Coffee reading, Kahve falı, Tasseomancy
- Tradition
- Ottoman folk practice, Armenian coffee divination, Syrian and Lebanese coffee cup reading, Scottish tea-cup reading (as described in one handbook)
- Related concepts
- Intuition
Reference record available.
ModalityCultural and contemplative tea-preparation traditions
Tea ceremony is a family of East Asian traditions of preparing and serving tea as a formal, attentive gathering.
Holistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Chanoyu, Chado, Chadō, Sado, Way of Tea, Japanese tea ceremony, Gongfu cha, Chinese tea ceremony, Darye, Korean tea ceremony
- Tradition
- Buddhism, Zen, Taoism, Japanese tea culture
- Related concepts
- Wabi-cha, Wabi, Wa kei sei jaku, Harmony, Respect, Purity, Tranquility, Iemoto system, Teaism, Gongfu cha, Darye
Reference record available.
ModalitySomatic self-regulation exercise sequence that aims to evoke involuntary muscle tremor
Tension & Trauma Releasing is a sequence of seven stretching exercises meant to bring on involuntary body tremors.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- TRE, Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises, Trauma Releasing Exercises, Tension, Stress and Trauma Releasing Exercises, Tension and Trauma Release Exercise, Self-induced unclassified therapeutic tremors
- Tradition
- Contemporary somatic and mind-body practice, Trauma-focused body-oriented approaches
- Related concepts
- Neurogenic tremor, Therapeutic tremor, Psoas and hip flexor muscles, Autonomic nervous system regulation, Polyvagal theory, Fight, flight and freeze responses, Self-induced tremor, Mind-body technique, Self-practice after instruction
Reference record available.
ModalityWestern Reiki style combining Reiki, Seichem and breathing practices
Tera-Mai Reiki is a Western Reiki style that combines Reiki with Seichem and adds breathing practices.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tera Mai Reiki, Tera Mai, Tera-Mai
- Tradition
- Western esotericism, New Age spirituality, Western Reiki (Takata lineage), Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan)
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Attunement, Lineage, Distance treatment, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityHormone therapy: standard medical treatment (conventional medicine)
A prescribed hormone treatment that supplements testosterone in men with symptoms and confirmed low levels.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Testosterone replacement therapy, TRT, Testosterone therapy in men, Androgen replacement therapy, Testosterone treatment
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Hypogonadism, Late-onset hypogonadism, Androgen deficiency, Informed decision making
Reference record available.
ModalityHormone therapy (androgen) prescribed in medical care
Testosterone therapy in women is the prescribing of testosterone to women, mainly after menopause, usually off-label.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Testosterone for women, Female testosterone therapy, Androgen therapy in women, Testosterone treatment for women
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, Off-label prescribing, Compounded hormone preparations, Biopsychosocial assessment
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy and bodywork tradition from Thailand
Thai massage is a Thai manual therapy that combines rhythmic pressing along body lines with assisted stretching.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Nuad Thai, Traditional Thai massage, Nuad Boran, Thai traditional massage
- Tradition
- Thai traditional medicine, Thai court-style massage, Thai folk-style massage
- Related concepts
- Sen lines, Sen Seb lines, Major signal points, Opening the wind gates, Four elements: earth, water, wind, fire, Assisted stretching, Hermit exercise
Reference record available.
ModalitySeven-degree energy practice from a Reiki lineage, taught with initiations
The Radiance Technique is a seven-degree energy practice taught by Barbara Ray's lineage and formerly named Authentic Reiki.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Authentic Reiki, Real Reiki, TRT, Radiance Technique
- Tradition
- Western Reiki (Takata lineage)
- Related concepts
- Universal life energy, Attunement, Distance treatment, Lineage
Reference record available.
ModalityPhotography-based psychosocial practice (therapist-led and self-directed)
Therapeutic photography is the use of photographs, taken or viewed, within counselling or as a self-directed activity.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- PhotoTherapy, PhotoTherapy techniques, Photo-based therapy
- Tradition
- Humanistic psychology
- Related concepts
- Self-portraiture, Reflection on photographs, Participatory research, Narrative storytelling
Reference record available.
ModalityNurse-developed energy-field practice using the hands near the body
Therapeutic Touch is a hands-near-body practice, developed by nurses in the 1970s, based on a proposed human energy field.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- TT
- Tradition
- Krieger-Kunz nursing lineage (New York University, early 1970s), Holistic nursing
- Related concepts
- Human energy field, Biofield, Centering, Assessment of the field, Unruffling, Rebalancing, Laying-on of hands, Prana, Nursing diagnosis of energy field imbalance
Reference record available.
ModalityBranded meditation and belief-work method
ThetaHealing is a trademarked meditation and belief-work method whose practitioners say it draws on a theta brainwave state.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- ThetaHealing, ThetaHealing technique
- Tradition
- Contemporary spiritual healing methods (United States, from 1995)
- Related concepts
- Theta state, Limiting beliefs, The Creator, Seven planes of existence, Belief work, Dual-brain EEG, Law of Attraction
Reference record available.
ModalityEnergy psychology: acupoint tapping psychotherapy method
Thought Field Therapy is a tapping-based psychological method developed by US psychologist Roger Callahan.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- TFT, Callahan Techniques
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mind-Body Connection, Attention, Meridians, Subjective units of distress
Reference record available.
ModalityTibetan-language medical system with Buddhist foundations
Tibetan medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is a Tibetan-language medical tradition using examination, diet, medicines and external therapies.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tibetan medicine, Sowa Rigpa, Traditional Tibetan medicine, Science of healing, Amchi medicine, Traditional Mongolian medicine
- Tradition
- Tibetan Buddhist medicine, Sowa Rigpa family (Tibetan, Himalayan and Mongolian branches), Amchi medicine of Ladakh and the Himalaya, Traditional Mongolian medicine, Bhutanese traditional medicine, Tibetan medicine in exile (Men-Tsee-Khang)
- Related concepts
- Four Medical Treatises (rGyud bzhi, Four Tantras), Three-part framework: rLung, mKhris-pa, Bad-kan (nyes pa), Pulse examination, Urine analysis, Materia medica of plants, minerals and animal products, Precious pills (rin chen ril bu), Tsotel (processed mercury sulfide), Lum medicinal bathing, Ye shes (practitioners' account of knowledge)
Reference record available.
ModalityTibetan Buddhist and Bon ritual divination (dice, rosary and related methods)
Mo is a Tibetan divination tradition, used in Buddhist and Bon communities, that includes dice and rosary methods.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Mo divination, Tibetan dice divination, sho mo, 'phreng mo, Tibetan mo
- Tradition
- Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
- Related concepts
- Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityReiki-derived hands-on energy practice (Western label)
Tibetan Reiki is a label for several Western Reiki systems that add Tibetan-named symbols or attunements to Usui Reiki.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Usui/Tibetan Reiki, Usui Tibetan Reiki, Tibetan Usui Reiki, Raku Kei Reiki, Men Chho Reiki, Jinlap Reiki
- Tradition
- Western Reiki (Takata lineage), Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Buddhism, Theosophy
- Related concepts
- Reiki energy, Attunement, Reiju, Lineage, Distance treatment, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalitySound-based meditation and relaxation practice using metal standing bowls
A sound practice using hand-played metal bowls that are struck or rubbed to produce sustained tones for meditation.
ComplementaryHolisticMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Singing bowls, Himalayan singing bowl, Tibetan singing bowls, Sound bowl, Standing bell bowl
- Tradition
- Buddhism, New Age spirituality
- Related concepts
- Attention, Awareness, Mindfulness, Mind-Body Connection, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnotherapy family: NLP-derived visualization technique
Neuro-linguistic programming-derived method in which practitioners use an imagined personal timeline to work with past emotions.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Time Line Therapy
- Tradition
- Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) practitioner community
- Related concepts
- Imagined personal timeline, Visualization of past and future, Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), Time perception, Emotional work with past events
Reference record available.
ModalityAuditory stimulation with filtered music and voice
The Tomatis Method is an auditory-stimulation program that plays filtered music and voice through headphones.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tomatis, Audio-psycho-phonology, Tomatis Listening Training, Tomatis sound therapy, Tomatis auditory stimulation
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Attention
Reference record available.
ModalityOral hygiene practice associated with Ayurvedic daily routine
Tongue scraping is the mechanical cleaning of the tongue surface with a scraper or brush, linked to Ayurveda.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tongue scraping, Tongue cleaning, Jihwa prakshalana, Jihwa nirlekhana, Jihva nirlekhana, Tongue scraper use
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Dinacharya, Ama, Tongue coating, Volatile sulfur compounds
Reference record available.
ModalityMuscle-testing touch system and self-care training method
A touch-based self-care system that uses manual muscle testing, adapted from applied kinesiology in the early 1970s.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- TFH
- Tradition
- Applied kinesiology, Chiropractic
- Related concepts
- Manual muscle testing, Applied kinesiology, Therapy localization, Challenge technique
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional medical system and family of related practices
Traditional Chinese Medicine is a family of medical practices from China, including herbal, needle, manual and dietary methods.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- TCM, Chinese medicine
- Tradition
- Chinese medicine (China), Chinese, Japanese and Korean traditional medicine as harmonised in ICD-11
- Related concepts
- Qi, Yin and yang, Five Agents (five phases), Patterns (diagnostic categories), Materia medica (bencao), Channels and acupuncture points
Reference record available.
ModalityUmbrella of related Japanese medical, dietary, bathing, nature and exercise practices
Traditional Japanese health is a grouping of related Japanese medical, dietary, bathing, nature and exercise practices.
HolisticAlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Japanese traditional health practices, Japanese traditional wellness, Traditional Japanese wellness practices
- Tradition
- Kampo, Japanese acupuncture and moxibustion, Anma and shiatsu, Washoku, Onsen bathing, Shinrin-yoku
- Related concepts
- Kampo, Shiatsu, Washoku, Fermented foods, Hara hachi bu, Green tea, Shinrin-yoku, Onsen, Sento, Ikigai, Radio taiso
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional medical system with massage and herbal practices
Traditional Thai medicine is a Thai healthcare system that includes massage, herbal medicine and midwifery.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Thai medicine, Applied Thai traditional medicine, Traditional Thai healthcare
- Tradition
- Thai Buddhist-influenced healing, Court-type traditional Thai massage, Folk traditional Thai massage, Wat Pho knowledge tradition
- Related concepts
- Sen lines, Four elements (earth, water, wind, fire), Traditional Thai massage (Nuad Thai), Herbal compress, Thai herbal medicine, Thai hermit exercise, Traditional midwifery, Applied Thai traditional medicine
Reference record available.
ModalityGentle rocking bodywork and movement re-education
The Trager Approach is a hands-on method of gentle rocking and movement, paired with self-care exercises called Mentastics.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Trager psychophysical integration, Trager therapy, Trager work, Psychophysical integration
- Tradition
- Milton Trager (United States, 20th century), Trager International national associations
- Related concepts
- Psychophysical integration, Hook-up, Mentastics, Habitual tension patterns, Passive table work, Self-care movement
Reference record available.
ModalityPsychotherapy and counseling theory based on ego states and transactions
Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and communication used in psychotherapy and counseling.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- TA, Berne's transactional analysis
- Tradition
- Transactional analysis (Eric Berne), Humanistic and relational psychotherapy
- Related concepts
- Ego states, Transactions, Games, Life script, Contracts, Strokes, Life positions
Reference record available.
ModalityMantra-based meditation technique taught in a standardised course
Transcendental Meditation is a mantra-based meditation technique taught through a standardised course by certified teachers.
ComplementaryMetaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- TM, TM technique, Transcendental Meditation technique, Transcendental Meditation program
- Tradition
- Advaita Vedanta (as interpreted by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi), Neo-Hinduism (scholarly description), Transcendental Meditation movement
- Related concepts
- Mantra, Personal instruction by a certified teacher, Twice-daily practice, Standardised course, Rishi (seer), Relaxation response (related but distinct)
Reference record available.
ModalityHypnosis-based approach combined with transpersonal psychology
Transpersonal hypnosis is hypnosis combined with transpersonal psychology to explore meaning and spiritual experience.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Transpersonal hypnotherapy
- Tradition
- Clinical and academic hypnosis, Buddhism, Transpersonal psychology
- Related concepts
- Spirituality, Awareness, Hypnotic induction, Suggestion, Focused attention, Attention, Mindfulness
Reference record available.
ModalityYoga-based adaptation for people with trauma histories
Trauma-informed yoga is a set of adaptations to yoga teaching and practice for people with histories of trauma.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Trauma-Sensitive Yoga, Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga, TCTSY, TSY
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Awareness, Attention, Mindfulness
Reference record available.
ModalityBody-based exercise method for tension and stress release
A body-based method in which a sequence of leg and hip exercises is used to evoke shaking, taught for stress release.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- TRE, Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises, Tension and Trauma Release Exercise, Trauma Releasing Exercises, Tension Trauma Releasing Exercises
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Neurogenic tremor
Reference record available.
ModalityManual, needling and injection techniques for muscle pain
Trigger point therapy is a set of manual, needling and injection techniques aimed at tender spots in skeletal muscle.
HolisticComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Trigger Point Therapy, Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy, Trigger Point Manual Therapy
- Tradition
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Manual therapy
- Related concepts
- Myofascial trigger point, Taut band, Referred pain, Local twitch response, Myofascial pain syndrome, Active and latent trigger points, Peripheral and central sensitisation
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional Chinese manual therapy (soft-tissue and joint manipulation)
Tuina is a traditional Chinese manual therapy in which a practitioner presses, kneads and mobilises soft tissue and joints.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tuina, Tui-na, Chinese massage, Chinese manual therapy, Chinese manipulation, Chuna (Korean usage)
- Tradition
- Traditional Chinese medicine, Korean Chuna (related practice), Paediatric tuina
- Related concepts
- Viscera and meridian theory, Acupoint-based manipulation, Rolling, kneading and pressing, Joint mobilisation and traction, Paediatric tuina acupoints
Reference record available.
ModalitySound-based practice using struck tuning forks
Tuning forks used therapeutically are metal forks struck to make a tone and held near or against the body by a practitioner.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Tuning fork therapy, Sound healing with tuning forks, Vibrational acupuncture
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Attunement
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal remedy and dietary supplement (spice-derived)
Turmeric and Curcumin covers the spice Curcuma longa, its traditional medicinal uses and curcumin supplements.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Turmeric, Curcumin, Curcuma longa, Curcuminoids, Turmeric supplements, Curcumin supplements, Haldi
- Tradition
- Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Related concepts
- Curcuminoids, Bioavailability, Piperine, Herb-induced liver injury, Spice adulteration, Dietary supplement quality
Reference record available.
ModalityAfro-Brazilian spirit-mediumship consultation
Umbanda spiritual consultation is a one-to-one conversation between a client and a spirit said to be incorporated in a medium.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Umbanda consultation, Consulta espiritual, Umbanda spirit consultation
- Tradition
- Umbanda, Kardecist Spiritism, Candomblé, Afro-Brazilian religions, Brazilian Catholicism
- Related concepts
- Consulta, Gira, Incorporation, Mediunidade, Caboclos, Pretos velhos, Exus and pombagiras, Orixás, Terreiro and centro, Cambones, Banhos de ervas, Axé, Spiritual surgery, Spirit evolution and charity
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional medical system (Greco-Arab humoral medicine)
Unani medicine is a Greco-Arab traditional medical system based on humoral theory, practised mainly in South Asia.
AlternativeComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Unani-tibb, Unani Tibb, Unani system of medicine, Greco-Arab medicine
- Tradition
- Greco-Arab medicine, Hippocratic and Galenic medical tradition, Persian and Arab medical scholarship, Unani tibb of the Indian subcontinent
- Related concepts
- Mizaj (temperament), Four humours: dam, safra, balgham, sauda, Hot, cold, moist and dry qualities, Regimenal therapy (ilaj bit tadbeer), Dietotherapy, Pharmacotherapy, Hijama (cupping), Preservation of health
Reference record available.
ModalityJapanese hand-healing method and the lineage claimed as the source of Reiki
Usui Reiki Ryōhō is the hand-healing method that Mikao Usui began teaching in Tokyo in 1922.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Usui Reiki Ryoho, Usui Reiki, Usui Reiki Therapy
- Tradition
- Usui Reiki Ryōhō Gakkai (Tokyo, 1922), Hayashi Reiki Kenkyūkai, Japanese spiritual therapy (seishin ryōhō) context
- Related concepts
- Reiju, Gokai (five precepts), Teate (hand healing), Shoden, okuden and shinpiden, Enkaku ryōhō (distance treatment), Kokoro (heart-mind), Lineage chart
Reference record available.
ModalityNeuromodulation device therapy
Vagus nerve stimulation is electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, delivered by an implanted or skin-surface device.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- VNS, Vagal nerve stimulation, Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, tVNS, Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, taVNS
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Vagus nerve, Neuromodulation, Implanted pulse generator, Transcutaneous auricular stimulation, Drug-resistant epilepsy, Treatment-resistant depression, Stroke rehabilitation, Heart rate variability, Parasympathetic nervous system
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal preparation: root and rhizome extracts
Valerian root is the root and rhizome of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal preparations promoted for sleep and anxiety.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Valerian, Valeriana officinalis
- Tradition
- European herbal medicine
- Related concepts
- Standardization of herbal extracts, Valerenic acid
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional Indian architecture and spatial design system
Vastu Shastra is a traditional Indian system of architecture that prescribes site, layout and direction for buildings.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vastu, Vaastu, Vastu Vidya, Vastushastra, Sthapatya Veda
- Tradition
- Hinduism
- Related concepts
- Sacred Geometry, Spirituality
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern excluding all animal-derived foods
A dietary pattern that excludes all animal-derived foods, followed for ethical, environmental or health reasons.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Veganism, Vegan dietary pattern
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Veganism, Plant-based nutrition, Well-planned diets, Vitamin B12
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary pattern: plant-centered eating that excludes meat
A dietary pattern that excludes meat, and in some forms fish, eggs or dairy, followed for health, ethical or religious reasons.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vegetarianism, Vegetarian eating, Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, Lacto-vegetarian diet, Ovo-vegetarian diet, Meatless diet
- Tradition
- Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Seventh-day Adventism
- Related concepts
- Ahimsa, Lacto-ovo vegetarianism, Observational confounding
Reference record available.
ModalityExercise-based rehabilitation for vestibular and balance disorders
Vestibular rehabilitation is an exercise program, led by clinicians, used for dizziness and balance problems.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vestibular physical therapy, Vestibular rehab, Vestibular therapy, Vestibular rehabilitation therapy, VRT, Balance and vestibular rehabilitation
- Tradition
- Physical therapy, Otology and neurotology, Cawthorne-Cooksey exercise tradition
- Related concepts
- Vestibular compensation, Gaze stabilization, Habituation, Sensory substitution, Balance training, Canalith repositioning, Vestibulo-ocular reflex, Dizziness Handicap Inventory
Reference record available.
ModalityDevice-assisted sound and vibration therapy, often delivered within music therapy or rehabilitation
Vibroacoustic therapy is the use of low-frequency sound, usually with music, that a person lies on and feels as vibration.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vibroacoustic treatment, VAT, Physioacoustic therapy, Physioacoustic method, Rhythmic sensory stimulation, Vibroacoustic music, Low-frequency sound therapy
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Awareness
Reference record available.
ModalityBreath-linked flowing postural yoga style
Vinyasa Yoga is a style of postural yoga in which poses are linked by flowing transitions timed to the breath.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Flow Yoga, Vinyasa Flow, Vinyasa Flow Yoga, Vinyasa
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Mind-Body Connection, Mindfulness
Reference record available.
ModalityBuddhist-derived insight meditation, often taught on silent retreats
Vipassana is a Theravada-derived meditation practice of observing sensations and mental states, often taught on silent retreats.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vipassana, Vipassanā, Insight meditation, Insight (Vipassana) meditation
- Tradition
- Theravada Buddhism, Burmese lay meditation movement, Mahasi Sayadaw lineage, Ledi Sayadaw lineage, S. N. Goenka tradition (U Ba Khin lineage), Western Insight Meditation centres
- Related concepts
- Insight (vipassana), Calm or concentration (samatha), Mindfulness (sati), Bare attention, Noble silence, Equanimity, Observation of bodily sensations, Silent residential retreat, Loving-kindness (metta), Meditation-related adverse effects
Reference record available.
ModalityManual therapy applied to the abdominal and thoracic organs
Visceral manipulation is a hands-on technique, taught in osteopathy and physical therapy, applied to the abdomen and chest.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Visceral osteopathy, Osteopathic visceral manipulation, Visceral manual therapy, Visceral mobilization, Fascial therapy targeting the visceral system
- Tradition
- Osteopathy, Physical therapy
- Related concepts
- Visceral mobility, Visceral dysfunction, Fascia, Viscerosomatic relationships, Sham-controlled trials
Reference record available.
ModalityInjected vitamin treatment and supplementation
Vitamin B12 injections are shots of cobalamin, usually given into a muscle, used in medicine and offered by wellness clinics.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- B12 injections, B12 shots, Cobalamin injections, Intramuscular vitamin B12, Hydroxocobalamin injections, Cyanocobalamin injections
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- Vitamin B12 deficiency, Pernicious anemia, Intrinsic factor, Cobalamin
Reference record available.
ModalityVitamin supplementation (single nutrient)
Vitamin D supplementation is taking vitamin D2 or D3 as a dietary supplement alongside sun exposure and food sources.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vitamin D supplements, Vitamin D3 supplementation, Cholecalciferol supplementation, Ergocalciferol supplementation
- Tradition
- Not assigned
- Related concepts
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Rickets, Osteomalacia, Hypercalcemia, Empiric supplementation, Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2)
Reference record available.
ModalityWater immersion in labor and birth in water
Water birth is giving birth while submerged in a tub of warm water, which is separate from using water only during labor.
Complementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Waterbirth, Birth in water, Underwater birth, Underwater delivery, Water immersion birth, Labor in water
- Tradition
- Midwifery-led care, Non-interventionist obstetrics (Pithiviers, France)
- Related concepts
- Water immersion in the first stage of labor, Birth in water, Low-risk pregnancy, Birth pool, Umbilical cord avulsion, Waterborne infection, Pool cleaning and infection control, Fetal monitoring during immersion, Informed choice
Reference record available.
ModalityDietary approach: prolonged fasting in supervised clinics and religious settings
Water fasting is the voluntary intake of water without food for a limited period, for health or religious reasons.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Prolonged water-only fasting, Therapeutic fasting, Medical fasting, Water-only fasting, Fasting therapy, Buchinger fasting, Heilfasten
- Tradition
- Naturopathy, Islam
- Related concepts
- Fasting therapy, Modified fasting, Refeeding, Medical supervision
Reference record available.
ModalityPassive aquatic bodywork in warm water
Watsu is a form of passive aquatic bodywork in which a practitioner supports and moves a person through warm water.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Water Shiatsu, WaterShiatsu
- Tradition
- Zen Shiatsu, Aquatic bodywork, Hydrotherapy
- Related concepts
- Warm-water immersion, Buoyancy, Passive movement and stretching, Acupressure, Qi and meridians (as described by practitioners), Supported floating, Relaxation
Reference record available.
ModalityWeather-related ritual and spirit-based practice
A weather shaman is a ritual specialist said to bring, stop or move rain through spirit-based practices.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Weather Shamanism, Rain Shaman, Rain Doctor, Rain-Maker, Weather-Working, Pawang Hujan, Rain Handler
- Tradition
- Native California rain-makers, Numic peoples of the Great Basin, Indonesian pawang hujan, Contemporary neo-shamanic weather-working
- Related concepts
- Sacred Thunder, Ritual thunder, clouds, wind and rain, Sympathetic magic, Spirits of weather, Weather-working, Rain handler, Charmstones, Bull-roarer, Local wisdom
Reference record available.
ModalityHand-placement energy practice taught in three levels with initiations
Western Reiki is the hand-placement practice taught in the West through Hawayo Takata's line from Hayashi Chūjirō.
MetaphysicalComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- Usui Shiki Ryoho, Takata Reiki, Usui System of Natural Healing, Usui System of Reiki Healing
- Tradition
- Hayashi Chūjirō and Hawayo Takata line, The Reiki Alliance, Usui Reiki Ryōhō (Japan), Western Reiki
- Related concepts
- Three levels (Reiki 1, Reiki 2, Master), Attunement or initiation, Reiju, Self-treatment, Foundation treatment, Lineage, Office of the Grandmaster, Takata's account of Usui
Reference record available.
ModalityTraditional cupping procedure with superficial skin incision
Wet cupping (hijama) is a traditional practice of applying suction cups, superficially cutting the skin and reapplying the cups.
ComplementaryAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Hijama, Hijamah, Al-Hijamah, Wet cupping, Bleeding cupping, Blood-letting cupping
- Tradition
- Islam, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Greek medicine
- Related concepts
- Prophetic medicine, Bloodletting, Temperament in Persian medicine
Reference record available.
ModalityLight visualization and invocation within spiritual healing traditions
White light healing is the practice of picturing or invoking white light for protection or healing.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- White light visualization, White light protection
- Tradition
- Theosophy, Spiritualism, Post-Theosophical New Age
- Related concepts
- Protective thought-forms, Aura, Healing light, Sending healing at a distance, Guided imagery, Distinction from clinical light therapy
Reference record available.
ModalityReligious guidance within contemporary Pagan Witchcraft (Wicca)
Wiccan spiritual guidance is counsel on spiritual matters from a Wiccan priestess, priest or elder.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Wiccan counseling, Wiccan spiritual counseling, Pagan pastoral care
- Tradition
- Gardnerian Wicca, Alexandrian Wicca, Dianic Wicca, Cochranian Wicca, Reclaiming, Feri, Stregheria, Eclectic Wicca, Solitary Wicca
- Related concepts
- Goddess and God, Horned God, Triple Goddess, Coven, High Priestess and High Priest, Book of Shadows, Circle and altar, Wheel of the Year, Sabbats, Wiccan Rede, Solitary practice, Pagan chaplaincy
Reference record available.
ModalityBreathing and cold-exposure training method
A branded self-practice method combining cyclic hyperventilation and breath holds with cold exposure and a commitment practice.
AlternativeComplementary
Entry details
- Aliases
- WHM, Wim Hof breathing, Wim Hof breathing method, WHBM
- Tradition
- Modern branded self-practice method, High-ventilation breathwork
- Related concepts
- Three pillars: breathing, cold, commitment, Cyclic hyperventilation, Breath retention at low lung volume, Recovery breath, Respiratory alkalosis, Intermittent hypoxia, Graded cold exposure, Experimental endotoxemia, Voluntary sympathetic activation
Reference record available.
ModalityModern spiritual and energy-based women's wellness practice
Womb healing is a modern spiritual practice that treats the womb as a symbolic and energetic center.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Womb wisdom, Womb clearing, Womb blessing, Sacred womb work, Womb work
- Tradition
- Modern feminist spirituality, Goddess spirituality movement, Red Tent and women's circles, Mesoamerican abdominal massage traditions (borrowed or adapted)
- Related concepts
- The womb as a symbolic or energetic center, Menstrual cycle awareness, Divine feminine, Ritual and ceremony, Stored emotional memory (practitioner belief), Women's circles
Reference record available.
ModalityDivination by omens read from wood and burning logs
Xylomancy is divination in which omens are read from pieces of wood or from logs as they lie and burn.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- xylomancie
- Tradition
- Slavonia as named in older reference works, Technical divination (omen reading)
- Related concepts
- Omens, Presages, Dry wood found on a path, Logs in a fireplace, Hearth saying about a visitor, Divination
Reference record available.
ModalityVedic and Hindu fire ritual
Yajna is a family of Vedic and Hindu rituals in which offerings are made into a consecrated fire.
Metaphysical
Entry details
- Aliases
- Yajna, Yagya, Yagna, Homa, Homam, Havan, Hawan, Vedic fire ritual
- Tradition
- Vedic srauta ritual, Hindu household and temple ritual, Arya Samaj congregational homa, Newar Brahmin agnihotra (Nepal), Tantric homa
- Related concepts
- yajna (offering, worship), homa (offering into fire), ahuti (oblation), havis (offering material), Agni (fire deity), agnihotra, srauta and grhya rites, havan samagri (offering mixture)
Reference record available.
ModalitySlow, floor-based yoga style with long passive holds
Yin Yoga is a slow, floor-based style of yoga in which passive poses are held for several minutes at a time.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Yin and Yang yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Taoism
- Related concepts
- Qi, Mindfulness, Mind-Body Connection, Awareness, Attention
Reference record available.
ModalitySouth Asian physical, breathing and meditative discipline, now mainly taught as postural exercise
Yoga is a South Asian system of physical, breathing and meditative practices, now taught mainly as postural exercise.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Modern postural yoga, Asana
- Tradition
- Pātañjalayogaśāstra (Yoga Sutras), Yoga traditions
- Related concepts
- Asana, Pranayama, Meditation, Eight limbs (aṣṭāṅga), Adverse events, Instructor training
Reference record available.
ModalityFamily of named postural yoga styles and schools
Yoga styles are the named schools and formats of mainly postural yoga that differ in pace, props, setting and emphasis.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Styles of yoga, Types of yoga, Yoga schools
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions, Iyengar yoga, Ashtanga vinyasa yoga, Sivananda yoga
- Related concepts
- Asana, Pranayama, Vinyasa, Props, Heated practice, Teacher training, Trauma-informed practice
Reference record available.
ModalityIndividualised mind-body and movement practice (professionalised yoga application)
Yoga therapy is the professionalised, individualised application of yoga practices to health-related goals.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Therapeutic yoga
- Tradition
- Yoga traditions of South Asia, Yoga traditions, IAYT professional framework
- Related concepts
- Individualised assessment, Therapeutic plan, Asana, Pranayama, Meditation and relaxation, Scope of practice, Referral to licensed healthcare practitioners
Reference record available.
ModalityHerbal steam applied to the genital area
A practice in which steam, often from herbal water, is directed at the vulva and vagina in several regions.
AlternativeHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Vaginal steaming, V-steaming, Yoni steam, Vaginal steam bath, Genital steam bath, Chai-yok
- Tradition
- Afro-Surinamese genital steam baths, Maya household steambathing (whole-body, not specifically vaginal), Lao postpartum steam sauna and steam bath, Western wellness and spa offerings
- Related concepts
- Vaginal steam bath, Postpartum steam practices, Dry sex, Vaginal hygiene practices, Intravaginal practices, Vital warmth (Maya ethnophysiology), Female genital modification discourse
Reference record available.
ModalityWest African religious and healing tradition with diaspora forms
The Yoruba tradition is the religious and healing system of the Yoruba peoples of West Africa and its diaspora forms.
MetaphysicalAlternative
Entry details
- Aliases
- Yoruba religion, Yoruba traditional religion, Yoruba traditional medicine, Ifá-Òrìṣà, Orisha tradition, Lucumí, Santería, Candomblé
- Tradition
- Yoruba religion, Ifá, Òrìṣà worship, Lucumí / Regla de Ocha-Ifá (Cuba), Santería, Candomblé
- Related concepts
- Orí, Ara, Ẹ̀mí, Olódùmarè, Òrìṣà, Àṣẹ (aché), Babalawo, Iyanifa, Terreiro, Medical pluralism
Reference record available.
ModalitySeated meditation within Chan and Zen Buddhism
Zazen is seated meditation in Chan and Zen Buddhism, practised in monasteries, temples and lay groups.
MetaphysicalHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- Zazen, Zen meditation, Zen sitting, Seated Zen meditation
- Tradition
- Sōtō Zen, Rinzai Zen, Ōbaku Zen, Chan Buddhism (China), Sŏn Buddhism (Korea), Thiền (Vietnam)
- Related concepts
- Zazen, Shikantaza, Kōan, Silent illumination, Practice-realisation, Kenshō, Makyō, Breath counting, Buddha-nature
Reference record available.
ModalityManual body-mind touch method
Zero Balancing is a touch method in which a practitioner applies brief held pressure to a clothed person.
ComplementaryHolistic
Entry details
- Aliases
- ZB
- Tradition
- Osteopathic medicine, Rolfing (structural integration), Acupuncture, Cranial osteopathy, Esalen Institute body-mind work
- Related concepts
- Fulcrum, Interface touch, Body structure, Body energy, Skilled touch
Reference record available.